Spatio-temporal solid-state electrocaloric effect exceeding twice the adiabatic temperature change

In an all-solid-state electrocaloric arrangement, an absolute temperature change which exceeds twice the electrocaloric adiabatic temperature change is locally realized, using just the distributed thermal capacitances and resistances and spatio-temporal distributed electric field control. First, simulations demonstrate surface temperature changes up to four times (400%) the electrocaloric adiabatic temperature change for several implementations of all-solid state distributed element configurations. Then, experimentally, an all-solid-state assembly is built from commercial electrocaloric capacitors with two independently-controlled parts, and the measured surface temperature change was 223% of the adiabatic electrocaloric temperature change, which clearly exceeds twice the adiabatic temperature change and verifies the practical feasibility of the approach. This allows a significant increase of the maximum temperature difference per stage in cascaded and thermal switch-based electrocaloric heat pumps, which was previously limited by the adiabatic electrocaloric temperature change (100%) under no-load conditions. Distributed thermal element simulations provide insight in the spatio-temporal temperatures within the all-solid-state electrocaloric element. Since only the distributed thermal capacitance and resistance is used to boost the temperature change, the maximum absolute temperature change occurs only in parts of the all-solid-state element, for example close to the surfaces. A trade-off of the approach is that the required electrocaloric capacitance increases more than the gained boost of the absolute temperature change, reducing the power density and electrical efficiency in heat pump systems. Nevertheless, the proposed approach enables to simplify electrocaloric heat pumps or to increasing the achievable temperature span, and might also improve other electrocaloric applications.