Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT

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Multi-Perspective Clustering of Process Execution Traces

2019 , Jablonski, Stefan , Röglinger, Maximilian , Schönig, Stefan , Wyrtki, Katrin

Process mining techniques enable extracting process models from process event logs. Problems can arise if process mining is applied to event logs of flexible processes that are extremely heterogeneous. Here, trace clustering can be used to reduce the complexity of logs. Common techniques use isolated criteria such as activity profiles for clustering. Especially in flexible environments, however, additional data attributes stored in event logs are a source of unused knowledge for trace clustering. In this paper, we present a multi-perspective trace clustering approach that improves the homogeneity of trace subsets. Our approach provides an integrated definition of similarity between traces by defining a distance measure that combines information about executed activities, performing resources, and data values. The evaluation with real-life event logs, one from a hospital and one with traffic fine data, shows that the homogeneity of the resulting clusters can be significantly improved compared to existing techniques.

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Business Value of the Internet of Things - A Project Portfolio Selection Approach

2018 , Fähnle, Annika , Püschel, Louis , Röglinger, Maximilian , Stohr, Alexander

The Internet of Things (IoT) counts among the most disruptive digital technologies on the market. Despite the IoTs emerging nature, there is an increasing body of knowledge related to technological and business topics. Nevertheless, there is a lack of prescriptive knowledge that provides organizations with guidance on the economic valuation of investments in the IoT perspective. Such knowledge, however, is crucial for pursuing the organizational goal of long-term value maximization. Against this backdrop, we develop an economic decision model that helps organizations determine an optimal IoT project portfolio from a manufacturers perspective and complies with the principles of project portfolio selection and value-based management. For our purposes, IoT project portfolios are compilations of projects that aim to implement IoT technology in an organizations production process, products, or infrastructure. Our decision model schedules IoT projects for multiple planning periods and considers monetary as well as monetized project effects. On this foundation, it determines the project sequence with the highest value contribution. To evaluate our decision model, we discussed its real-world fidelity and understandability with an industry expert renowned for its proficiency in IoT technology, implemented a software prototype, and demonstrated its applicability based on real-world data.

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Business process management in the digital age

2017 , Kerpedzhiev, Georgi , König, Ulrich , Röglinger, Maximilian , Rosemann, Michael

In this Article, the authors present their BPM capability framework in the digital age. The framework includes 30 capabilities structured along core elements of BPM i.e., strategic alignment, governance, methods, IT, people, and culture.

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Smart Things im Internet der Dinge Ein Klassifikationsansatz

2017 , Püschel, Louis , Röglinger, Maximilian , Schlott, Helen

Das Internet der Dinge ist eine der disruptivsten Technologien auf dem Markt. Im Internet der Dinge werden physische Objekte mit Sensoren, Aktuatoren und Rechenleistung ausgestattet sowie mit dem Internet verknüpft. Die dadurch entstehenden Smart Things bilden die Grundlage für neuartige Interak-tionen zwischen Unternehmen, Dingen und Individuen sowie für innovative Geschäftsmodelle, die auf einer zunehmenden Verschmelzung von digitaler und physischer Welt, einer umfassenden Verfügbarkeit von Daten sowie auf allgegenwärtiger Vernetzung beruhen. Trotz aller Aktivitäten rund um das Inter-net der Dinge herrscht nach wie vor Unklarheit darüber, was ein Smart Thing überhaupt ist und wie sich Smart Things voneinander unterscheiden. Wir schlagen daher eine Taxonomie für Smart Things vor, klassifi zieren beispielhaft 50 Smart Things aus dem Business-to-Consumer-Umfeld und leiten Handlungsbedarf ab.

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Smart Devices erfolgreich in Produktionsprozesse integrieren

2019 , Bitzer, Michael , Kleylein-Feuerstein, Joachim , König, Ulrich , Röglinger, Maximilian , Urbach, Nils , Wenninger, Annette

Mit der zunehmenden Digitalisierung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft ist die Vision der Industrie 4.0, einer intelligenten und vernetzten Produktion, entstanden. Inzwischen ist Digitalisierung für Unternehmen ein entscheidender Faktor, um zukunfts- und wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben. Allerdings stellt diese Entwicklung insbesondere kleine und mittlere Unternehmen(KMU) vor große Herausforderungen. KMU sind zum Beispiel häufig damit konfrontiert, bestehende Anwendungssysteme aufzurüsten und individuelle Lösungen für die Digitalisierung zu entwickeln. Das durch die Bayerische Forschungsstiftung (BFS) geförderte konsortiale Forschungsprojekt »SmarDe's@Work - Smart Devices in der Produktion« adressiert exakt diese Herausforderung und unterstützt KMU bei dem zielgerichteten Einsatz von Smart Devices in Produktionsprozessen. Hierzu wurden Smart Devices (z.B. Smartphones, Tablets, Smartwatches) in Produktionsprozessen zur Verbesserung der Kommunikation zwischen Menschen, Maschinen und Anwendungssystemen eingesetzt. Die Umsetzung von Industrie 4.0-Technologien wird für KMU dadurch maßgeblich erleichtert. Zentraler Bestandteil des Forschungsprojekts war die Entwicklung eines Demonstrators, bestehend aus einer Middleware und einer Client-Applikation, der in acht realweltlichen Anwendungsfällen implementiert und evaluiert sowie in fünf weiteren fiktiven Anwendungsfällen analysiert wurde. Die bisherigen Anwendungserfahrungen waren ausnahmslos positiv, sodass die am Forschungsprojekt beteiligten Unternehmen die Smart Devices sowie die zugehörige Software (Middleware und Client-Applikation) dauerhaft in ihren Produktionsprozessen einsetzen werden. Der entwickelte Demonstrator wurde auf der Open-Source-Plattform Github für interessierte Unternehmen zur individuellen Nutzung und Weiterentwicklung veröffentlicht. Die vorliegende Studie bietet Unternehmen und Mitarbeitern, insbesondere Führungskräften, die Möglichkeit, Einblick in dieses zukunftsweisende Forschungsprojekt zu erhalten, Ideen für die eigene Produktion zu sammeln sowie Synergieeffekte für das eigene Unternehmen zu schaffen. Darüber hinaus erhalten die Leser den Kontakt zu kompetenten Ansprechpartnern, die über eine große Expertise im Bereich Industrie 4.0 verfügen.

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Publication

How to exploit the digitalization potential of business processes

2018 , Denner, Marie-Sophie , Püschel, Louis , Röglinger, Maximilian

Process improvement is the most value-adding activity in the BPM lifecycle. Despite ma-ture knowledge, many approaches have been criticized to lack guidance on how to put process improvement into practice. Given the variety of emerging digital technologies, organizations not only face the process improvement black box, but also high uncertainty regarding digital technologies. We thus propose a method that supports organizations in exploiting the digitalization potential of their processes. To do so, we adopted action de-sign research (ADR) and situational method engineering (SME). We conducted two de-sign cycles involving practitioners (i.e., managers and BPM experts) and end-users (i.e., process owners and participants). In the first cycle, we evaluated our methods alpha version by inter viewing practitioners from five organizations. In the second cycle, we evaluated the beta version via real-world case studies. In this paper, we include detailed results of one case study, which we conducted at a semiconductor manufacturer.

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Publication

How to Implement Agile IT Setups: A Taxonomy of Design Options

2017 , Jöhnk, Jan , Röglinger, Maximilian , Thimmel, Markus , Urbach, Nils

The digital transformation requires organizations to rethink how they interact with customers, define value propositions, leverage data, and organize internal operations. Evolving into an indispensable part of value creation, IT organizations are required to not only plan, build, and run IT services in the safe and steady mode, but also to enable organizations seizing digital op-portunities in an agile and adaptive mode. Despite mature knowledge on IT organizations, am-bidextrous IT, and agile methods, there is high uncertainty on how to implement bimodal IT organizations. To address this gap, we propose a taxonomy of design options for the agile mode. Our taxonomy includes seven dimensions (i.e., scope, institutionalization, accountability, governance, location, staffing, and technical in tegration) that address relevant questions re-garding the design of agile IT setups. While creating our taxonomy, we built on extant literature and involved experts from various organizations (e.g., Chief Information Officers, Digital Trans-formation Officers, and Managing Directors of IT departments). These experts did not only vali-date our taxonomy regarding real-world fidelity and understandability, but also applied it to classify the agile IT setups of their organizations. Thus, our study contributes to descriptive knowledge and delivers practically relevant insights into existing agile IT setups.

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Mindfully going omni-channel: An economic decision model for evaluating omni-channel strategies

2018 , Hosseini, Sabiölla , Merz, Marieluise , Röglinger, Maximilian , Wenninger, Annette

In the digital age, customers want to define on their own how to interact with organizations during their customer journeys. Thus, many organizations struggle to implement an omni-channel strategy (OCS) that meets their customers' channel preferences and can be operated efficiently. Despite this high practical need, research on omni-channel management predominantly takes a descriptive perspective. What is missing is prescriptive knowledge that guides organizations in the valuation and selection of an appropriate OCS. Most existing studies investigate single facets of omni-channel management in detail while neglecting the big picture. They also require customer journeys to follow sequential and organization-defined purchase decision processes. To address this research gap, we propose an economic decision model that considers online and offline channels, the opening and closing of channels, non-sequential customer journeys, and customers' channel preferences. Drawing from the principles of value-based management, the decision model recommends choosing the OCS with the highest contribution to an organization's long-term firm value. We applied and validated the decision model based on real-world data from a German bank.

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Conceptualizing business-to-thing interactions - a sociomaterial perspective on the internet of things

2018 , Oberländer, Anna Maria , Röglinger, Maximilian , Rosemann, Michael , Kees, Alexandra

The Internet of Things (IoT) is recognized as one of the most disruptive technologies in the market as it integrates physical objects into the networked society. As such, the IoT also transforms established business-to-customer interactions. Remote patient monitoring, predictive maintenance, and automatic car repair are examples of evolving business-to-thing (B2T) interactions. However, the IoT is hardly covered by theoretical investigations. To complement the predominant technical and engineering focus of IoT research, we developed and evaluated a taxonomy of B2T interaction patterns. Thereby, we built on sociomateriality as justificatory knowledge. We demonstrated the taxonomys applicability and usefulness based on simple and complex real-life objects (i.e. Nest, RelayRides, and Uber). Our taxonomy contributes to the descriptive knowledge on the IoT as it enables the classification of B2T interactions and facilitates sense-making as well as theory led design. When combining weak and strong sociomateriality, we found that the IoT enables and requires a new perspective on material agency by considering smart things as independent actors.

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Data-driven process prioritization in process networks

2017 , Kratsch, Wolfgang , Manderscheid, Jonas , Reißner, Daniel , Röglinger, Maximilian

Business process management (BPM) is an essential paradigm of organizational design and a source of corporate performance. Receiving constant attention from corporate decision-makers, process improvement is the most value-creating activity in the BPM lifecycle. With ineffective process prioritization capabilities being a key failure factor of process improvement, we propose the Data-Driven Process Prioritization (D2P2) approach. The D2P2 extends existing approaches to process prioritization as it accounts for structural and stochastic process dependencies and predicts risky future process performance based on data from process logs. The D2P2 returns a priority list that indicates in which periods the processes from a given business process architecture should undergo an in-depth analysis to check whether they require improvement. Thus, the D2P2 contributes to the prescriptive knowledge on process prioritization. To evaluate the D2P2, we discussed its design specification against theory-backed design objectives and competing artefacts. We also implemented the D2P2 as a software prototype and report on an extensive demonstration example including a scenario analysis.

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