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Browsing Scopus by Department "Fraunhofer-Institut für Arbeitswirtschaft und Organisation IAO"
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PublicationA Conceptual Approach for Business Model Innovation Including Strategic Simulations as Digital Prototypes for Decision Support( 2022)
;Nawroth, G. ;Spath, D.Business model innovations (BMIs) are a promising approach to be successful in hyper-competition. There are several approaches for the systematic development of BMI. Within these approaches, however, companies are faced with major challenges, especially, in the decision-making process. On the one hand, certain information is not available, and on the other hand, cause-and-effect relationships within the innovation networks or systems are not known. In certain contexts, simulations can close this gap. Thus, this paper addresses the research question of how simulations can be systematically integrated into BMI approaches. Therefore, BMI processes and different simulation applications are reviewed, the aspect of BMI prototyping is identified and an extended BMI approach is developed, which systematically integrates simulations. -
PublicationAn aircraft assembly process formalism and verification method based on semantic modeling and MBSE( 2024)
;Zheng, Xiaochen ;Lu, Jinzhi ;Arista, RebecaKiritsis, DimitrisThe aircraft assembly system is highly complex involving different stakeholders from multiple domains. The design of such a system requires comprehensive consideration of various industrial scenarios aiming to optimize key performance indicators. Traditional design methods heavily rely on domain expert knowledge using documents to define assembly solutions which are later verified through simulations. However, these document-centric approaches cannot provide graphical notations for engineers to efficiently understand the entire assembly process. Moreover, it is difficult to analyze the performance of the designed assembly processes using simulations since the simulation models have to be developed based on the documents manually rather than be generated automatically from the design models. In this paper, a semantic-driven approach is proposed to support aircraft assembly process formalism and performance analysis. First, meta-models of aircraft assembly processes are developed based on SysML and discrete-event simulation models using a semantic modeling language named KARMA. Then an application ontology is defined for generating semantic models from KARMA architecture models to capture domain knowledge, system requirements and simulation model information of the aircraft assembly process. A model transformer is developed to transform the KARMA models to discrete-event simulation models based on the application ontology. Then the generated simulation models are executed to obtain the simulation results for verifying the designed assembly process. Finally, the obtained simulation results are used to support decision-making of selecting the optimal aircraft assembly process. A case study is conducted to verify the proposed method. -
PublicationAnalysis and installation of H2 value chains in rural areas( 2024)
;Stöhr, Timo ;Wohlmuth, Benedikt ;Lesemann, Leonie ;Pletz, SabrinaHujer, JensHydrogen is considered a promising alternative to fossil fuels for energy transportation and storage. Establishing a hydrogen supply chain is crucial for a widespread adoption of hydrogen as an energy carrier. Existing guidelines for establishing a hydrogen supply chain in urban areas have been developed based on the unique characteristics and requirements of urban environments. However, rural areas have different characteristics and requirements that need to be considered to ensure successful implementation of hydrogen technologies. In this study, we adapted the existing guidelines for establishing a hydrogen supply chain in urban areas in seven steps to rural areas. It starts with identifying the ecosystem and ends with the implementation of the use case and the upscaling towards a fully developed hydrogen ecosystem. A comprehensive review of literature on the unique characteristics and requirements of rural areas for hydrogen supply chain implementation was conducted. Thereby, key differences between urban and rural environments were identified and modifications to the existing guidelines to address these specific challenges of rural areas. The modified guideline aims for example the lower population density, longer transportation distances, and limited infrastructure in rural areas. Industrial companies are scatter over a relatively wide area, therefore a centralized hydrogen supply like in cities is not sufficient. The study also emphasizes the importance of community engagement, which is an essential factor, especially in rural areas because of the strong interconnections between the companies, and collaboration with local stakeholders like politicians and the communities to ensure the acceptance and sustainability of hydrogen technologies in rural areas. The study provides a valuable contribution to the field of hydrogen energy by providing practical guidelines for establishing a hydrogen supply chain in rural areas. The modified guidelines can help overcome the challenges of rural areas and accelerate the adoption of hydrogen technologies in these regions. -
PublicationBibliometrically mapping the research field of entrepreneurial communication: where we stand and where we need to go( 2023)
;Kaiser, ManuelKuckertz, AndreasEntrepreneurial communication is vital for acquiring resources and building stakeholder relations in startups. This research stream has grown rapidly in recent years and has developed as a multidisciplinary field at the interface of communication and entrepreneurship. However, this rapid development and the plethora of associated perspectives have led to a diverse and fragmented research field with different foci and concepts, making structural overviews difficult. Against this background, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to uncover the hidden structure of previous entrepreneurial communication research and to guide scholars toward a future research agenda. First, we identified 383 articles via the Scopus database, published in 245 academic sources, that covered nearly 50 years of research. We then connected the results of previous research using co-occurrence analysis and a thematic map to highlight the intellectual structure of the field and offer insights into its research clusters. Our algorithmic historiographic analysis illustrates the development of the field over time and highlights upcoming topics. Overall, entrepreneurial communication is crucial, particularly for startups engaging in resource acquisition for employee and investor relations with venture capitalists and business angels. -
PublicationBuilding's digital twin model shown as first-person and third-person views( 2022)
;Liinasuo, Marja E. ;Kuula, Timo ;Goriachev, Vladimir ;Helin, Kaj MichaelConstruction industry is currently facing challenges such as a high number of occupational injuries and a somewhat weak connection between design and construction phases. One way to amend the situation is to increase data availability to construction professionals. Information about the structure and features of the building to be built should be shared so that various professionals can use the so-called digital twin model of the building for his/her purposes. We have created a concept for delivering the building information model (BIM) that can be viewed in various ways from various devices. We tested the viewing and using of BIM in augmented reality (AR), with high-end eXtented Reality (XR) technology (Microsoft HoloLens 2) and a tablet. Briefly, according to our test results, AR seems to be good when user needs to be perceived him/herself as if inside the building model, and tablet suits for viewing the digital model from the outside of it. Novice users of the AR technology need much more support in using the technology than the experienced ones. All test participants found the concept good and the technology with which to use it as promising. -
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PublicationCreating the Mobility and Technology Experience - Trip specific assessment of automotive display applications( 2022)The following article gives an outlook on future apllications for automotive displays and shows a way how to deal with assessing that kind of future product-service-combinations within the innovation and technology management. A stepwise approach, based on Brown's integral understanding of innovation, is described, and shown on the example of future in-car entertainment services. The method might help readers to evaluate innovation opportunities of technical display-innovations and to minimize the risk of possible market failures of R&D projects.
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PublicationDesign of Cognitive Assistance Systems in Manual Assembly Based on Quality Function Deployment( 2022)
;Popescu, D.Increasing volatility and product individualization are leading to higher complexity in manual assembly. At the same time, production and processes must become more flexible, and humans have to adapt to new products more often and even faster. Industry 5.0 will increasingly focus on human-centric approaches, on the collaboration of humans and machines intensively using cognitive assistance systems. The design of an innovative cognitive assistance system is a complex task due to the many technological opportunities and their interrelationships. In the framework of this research, a method was developed enabling the systematic design of cognitive assistance systems that integrates business and worker requirements aiming at improving productivity, quality, worker satisfaction and well-being. The research question was approached by design science research having, as the main output, a systematic and innovative method for the design of cognitive assistance systems based on quality function deployment (QFD), referred to as cognitive assistance system-QFD (CAS-QFD). The developed methodology is divided into six phases and includes the iterative design of a cognitive assistance system starting from the assembly process. The method considers the information needs of the workers, the definition of the appropriate assistance functions and the selection of the interaction technologies. The exemplarily industrial evaluation highlighted the relevance of CAS-QFD for systematically designing cognitive assistance systems based on holistic requirements, identified at the worker, workplace, production area and, finally, at the enterprise level. -
PublicationDigital Factory Transformation from a Servitization Perspective( 2023)
;Feike, Maximilian ;Blümel, ChristianIn recent years, a complex set of dynamic developments driven by both the economy and the emergence of digital technologies has put pressure on manufacturing companies to adapt. The concept of servitization, i.e., the shift from a product-centric to a service-centric value creation logic, can help manufacturing companies stabilize their business in such volatile times. Existing academic literature investigates the potential and challenges of servitization and the associated development of data-based services, so-called smart services, with a view to external market performance. However, with the increasing use of digital technologies in manufacturing and the development of internal smart services based on them, we argue that the existing insights on external servitization are also of interest for internal transformation. In this paper, we identify key findings from service literature, apply them to digital factory transformation, and structure them into six fields of action along the dimensions of people, technology, and organization. As a result, recommendations for designing digital factory transformation in manufacturing companies are derived from the perspective of servitization and developing internal smart services. -
PublicationEthical Experience Design for the Value of Privacy based on Psychological Needs( 2023)
;Hoth, Veronica ;Langner, MoritzBrandenburg, StefanEthical design can avoid collateral damage by anticipating or counteracting possible negative consequences of technology on society, users, environment, among others. In this course, we aim to provide knowledge about psychological needs and values and the ethical implications of experience-centered interaction design. Therefore, the course consists of three interactive sessions. Each session includes briefings on the scientific background and approach, followed by interactive exercises and discussions so that participants can directly apply and deepen their knowledge. The course concludes with a summary of the learnings and a discussion about the applied methods. The results will be documented and subsequently made available to the participants. -
PublicationGAUDIE: Development, validation, and exploration of a naturalistic German AUDItory Emotional database( 2024)Rieger, Jochem W.Since thoroughly validated naturalistic affective German speech stimulus databases are rare, we present here a novel validated database of speech sequences assembled with the purpose of emotion induction. The database comprises 37 audio speech sequences with a total duration of 92 minutes for the induction of positive, neutral, and negative emotion: comedian shows intending to elicit humorous and amusing feelings, weather forecasts, and arguments between couples and relatives from movies or television series. Multiple continuous and discrete ratings are used to validate the database to capture the time course and variabilities of valence and arousal. We analyse and quantify how well the audio sequences fulfil quality criteria of differentiation, salience/strength, and generalizability across participants. Hence, we provide a validated speech database of naturalistic scenarios suitable to investigate emotion processing and its time course with German-speaking participants. Information on using the stimulus database for research purposes can be found at the OSF project repository GAUDIE: https://osf.io/xyr6j/ .
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PublicationGeneric Role Model for the Systematic Development of Internal AI-based Services in Manufacturing( 2023)
;Spilski, JanLachmann, ThomasLatest research has shown that one challenge for the development and implementation of Industrial AI-based services is uncertainty of roles and responsibilities. To address this challenge, we developed a generic role model for the systematic development of AI-based services in manufacturing. The role model describes which roles are necessary within the development process of an Industrial AI-based service. Thereby, a distinction is made whether the roles are assigned to the "core team", the "extended team" or participate in "supporting roles". Furthermore, the model shows whether the roles are involved in the "Ideation" phase, the "Requirements and design" phase, the "Test" phase or the "Implementation and roll-out" phase. Based on desktop research, semi-structured interviews and expert workshops we identified 22 roles that are relevant to the development and implementation of Industrial AI-based services. -
PublicationGetting Started with Positive Energy Districts: Experience until Now from Maia, Reykjavik, Kifissia, Kladno and Lviv( 2022)
;Fatima, Z. ;Vacha, T.Qubailat, ReefCities are at the centre of the debate to mitigate climate change. A considerable number of cities have already made commitments to sustainability transitions through the introduction and integration of green strategies. Moreover, in the past few years, Europe has witnessed an increase in the development of smart cities and advancement towards creating more sustainable cities. At the moment, an innovative concept in smart city development involves Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) that further encourage districts and cities to become carbon neutral. This paper looks at the five cities of Maia, Reykjavik, Kifissia, Kladno and Lviv that are a part of an ongoing H2020 project. The purpose of the paper was to understand the status quo of energy transition in these five cities as they embarked on the PEDs journey and identify associated challenges and benefits that PEDs brought to each city. The information was collected through a knowledge gap survey, City Vision 2050 workshop, discussions during the City Forum and individual interviews with city representatives. Cities across Europe and beyond may find themselves in a similar situation, and therefore, this paper also provides brief set of checkpoints to prepare new cities for the PED journey, thus enabling them to transition towards PEDs more efficiently. -
PublicationHall viscosity and hydrodynamic inverse Nernst effect in graphene( 2023)
;Xian, Zhuo-yu ;Danz, Sven ;Rodríguez-Fernández, David ;Matthaiakakis, Ioannis ;Tutschku, Christian Klaus ;Klees, Raffael L. ;Erdmenger, Johanna ;Meyer, RenéHankiewicz, Ewelina M.Motivated by Hall viscosity measurements in graphene sheets, we study hydrodynamic transport of electrons in a channel of finite width in external electric and magnetic fields. We consider electric charge densities varying from close to the Dirac point up to the Fermi-liquid regime. We find two competing contributions to the hydrodynamic Hall and inverse Nernst signals that originate from the Hall viscous and Lorentz forces. This competition leads to a nonlinear dependence of the full signals on the magnetic field and even a cancellation at different critical field values for both signals. In particular, the hydrodynamic inverse Nernst signal in the Fermi-liquid regime is dominated by the Hall viscous contribution. We further show that a finite channel width leads to a suppression of the Lorenz ratio, while the magnetic field enhances this ratio. All of these effects are predicted in parameter regimes accessible in experiments. -
PublicationImage-Bot: Generating Synthetic Object Detection Datasets for Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Companies( 2022)
;Block, L. ;Raiser, Adrian ;Schön, L. ;Braun, F.Training datasets for image recognition are poorly available for small and medium-sized manufacturing companies, due to the specialized products they work with, and the disproportionate investment to generate their own ones. Thus, we investigate a new approach: The Image-Bot consists of a physical apparatus and a processing pipeline to generate training datasets from real-world objects easily. It takes pictures of the objects in front of a green screen and blends them with random backgrounds. The approach was tested with 23 objects and a YOLOv5 algorithm. It creates a state-of-the-art training dataset with about 2,000 images per object in under 45 min. -
PublicationInterplay of band geometry and topology in ideal Chern insulators in the presence of external electromagnetic fields( 2022)
;Northe, Christian ;Palumbo, Giandomenico ;Sturm, Jonathan ;Tutschku, Christian KlausHankiewicz, Ewelina M.Ideal Chern insulating phases arise in two-dimensional systems with broken time-reversal symmetry. They are characterized by having nearly flat bands, and a uniform quantum geometry-which combines the Berry curvature and quantum metric-and by being incompressible. In this work, we analyze the role of the quantum geometry in ideal Chern insulators aiming to describe transport in presence of external out-of-plane magnetic and electric fields. We first show that in the absence of external perturbations, novel Berry connections appear in ideal Chern insulating phases. Second, we provide a detailed analysis of the deformation of the quantum geometry once weak out-of-plane magnetic fields are switched on. The perturbed Berry curvature and quantum metric provide an effective quantum geometry, which is analyzed in the insulating regime and provides an application of our novel connections. The conditions under which the Girvin-MacDonald-Platzman algebra is realized in this situation are discussed. Furthermore, an investigation of electrical transport due to the new effective quantum geometry is presented once an electric field is added. Restricting to the case of two bands in the metallic regime the quantum metric appears as a measurable quantum-mechanical correction in the Hall response. Our findings can be applied, for instance, to rhombohedral trilayer graphene at low energies. -
PublicationMit Künstlicher Intelligenz zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit( 2023)
;Koch, DavidKünstliche Intelligenz (KI) kann zur Auswertung komplexer und großer Datenmengen eingesetzt werden, um Muster zu erkennen und das Verhalten komplexer Systeme vorauszusagen. Hierdurch kann KI auch als Befähiger zur Reduktion von Umweltbelastungen und Optimierung der Nachhaltigkeit produzierender Unternehmen dienen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt das Potenzial der Kombination von Nachhaltigkeit und KI auf, um die Nachhaltigkeitsziele eines Unternehmens zu erreichen. Es wird ein Handlungsleitfaden vorgestellt, der beim Einsatz von KI zur Optimierung der Nachhaltigkeit unterstützt. -
PublicationNuanced but important: A literature-based comparison between B2B and B2C platforms( 2024)
;Feike, MaximilianRösch, JürgenThis paper compares the potential characteristics of B2B platforms as identified in the information systems literature with those in the general platform literature. Our analysis reveals that these characteristics are not exclusive to B2B platforms and suggests that the differences between B2B and B2C platforms may be more subtle. Moreover, it remains unclear whether these differences serve as success factors for B2B platforms or merely represent the current approaches of the platforms under examination. We identified five potential differences that warrant further investigation. Therefore, this literature-based comparison lays the groundwork for further research on supporting decision-making when building a B2B platform ecosystem or joining a B2B platform ecosystem. Especially important is the fact that building on insights from B2C could lead to wrong decisions and platform failure or unintended outcomes for participants. Thereby the study contributes to understanding of the unique aspects of digital B2B platforms and has implications for B2B platform managers and policymakers because the presence of these ecosystems can considerably influence competitive dynamics in markets. -
PublicationOrganisational Digital Transformation of Smes - Development And Application of a Digital Transformation Maturity Model for Business Model Transformation( 2022)
;Petzolt, Sophie ;Hölzle, Katharina ;Kullik, Oliver ;Gergeleit, WiebkeRadunski, AnneOne of the most challenging difficulties for incumbent organisations, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), is to manage digital transformation driven by technological change. Incumbent organisations’ responses to digital transformation have been extensively studied in the current literature. However, most research neglects digital transformation in SMEs. There are hardly any valid developed measures for the maturity of digital transformation. We present a holistic digital transformation maturity model based on an extensive literature review, qualitative computer-assisted data analysis, and empirical findings. The digital transformation maturity model focuses on small- and medium-sized enterprises’ unique features and characteristics. We proved the practical applicability and relevance of the digital transformation maturity model in an extensive study involving various organisations, particularly German SMEs (n = 310). Organisations can use this model to assess themselves initially and, through this process, gain a comprehensive understanding of the multiple forms of digital transformation. -
PublicationScaling Sustainable Entrepreneurship for Impact( 2023)
;Gebhardt, LeonhardHölzle, KatharinaDigital transformation helps organisations become more efficient while increasing their outreach and targeting new markets. However, it also makes the organisational design more malleable and can blur or even disrupt a firm’s boundaries. For sustainable entrepreneurs who develop business models for sustainability (BMfS), this is a Faustian bargain, as they trade independence for more potential. In this in-depth case based on action and design science research, we accompanied and evaluated the design of a BMfS with digital technologies. To evaluate for rising tensions, we looked at the relevant dynamics within the entrepreneurial firm and the digital business ecosystem. Besides a proposed solution model and its evaluation, we present design principles of contingency, re-configuration, and alliancing. This nascent design knowledge explains dynamics that occur when developing business models with digital technologies.