Simulation-based analysis of the effects of sector coupling and operational optimisation on the district heating and electricity grid

The role of district heating grids and power-to-heat technologies is crucial for improving energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in urban environments. The analysis focuses on a district-level controller, implemented in the EnEff:Wärme:HybridBOT_FW project, which aims to optimise heat generation scheduling and minimise operating costs for the heat supply. A co-simulation framework models the interactions between thermal and electrical subsystems, allowing a comprehensive evaluation of operational strategies. The results show that the district controller facilitates load shifting between the electricity and heating sector, effectively utilising photovoltaic energy during peak generation hours while reducing reliance on district heating grid. Significant potential for load shifting is shown, particularly on days with high photovoltaic output and moderate heat demand. By synchronising power-to-heat operation with renewable energy generation, the controller improves the utilisation of locally generated energy and reduces high load peaks in the power grid. This study highlights the importance of advanced operational management in exploiting the synergies of sector coupling, thereby contributing to a more sustainable and resilient energy system. Sector coupling is a vital strategy for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of energy systems by integrating various energy sectors.