A High-Efficiency Charge-Domain Compute-in-Memory 1F1C Macro Using 2-bit FeFET Cells for DNN Processing

This article introduces a 1FeFET-1Capacitance (1F1C) macro based on a 2-bit ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) cell operating in the charge domain, marking a significant advancement in nonvolatile memory (NVM) and compute-in-memory (CIM). Traditionally, NVMs, such as FeFETs or resistive RAMs (RRAMs), have operated in a single-bit fashion, limiting their computational density and throughput. In contrast, the proposed 2-bit FeFET cell enables higher storage density and improves the computational efficiency in CIM architectures. The macro achieves 111.6 TOPS/W, highlighting its energy efficiency, and demonstrates robust performance on the CIFAR-10 dataset, achieving 89% accuracy with a VGG-8 neural network. These findings underscore the potential of charge-domain, multilevel NVM cells in pushing the boundaries of artificial intelligence (AI) acceleration and energy-efficient computing.