Enhancing anion exchange membrane water electrolysis: A study of electrodeposited nickel-based anode materials

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEM-WE) offers a promising technology for sustainable hydrogen production. However, large-scale deployment requires cost-effective and highly active electrocatalysts. In this study, nickel-based anodes are fabricated on porous stainless steel non-woven fabrics via electrodeposition, with non-metallic elements (S, P) and nanocone structures integrated to enhance performance and durability. The modified electrodes optimize active surface area and conductivity, improving oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirm nanostructured morphologies and homogeneous element distribution. Single-cell AEM-WE tests at 60 °C in 1 M KOH show superior activity of Ni–S electrodes compared to bare stainless steel. Ten-hour stability measurements confirm durability, while post-mortem analysis reveals lamellar structures that further stabilize and enhance catalytic activity. These findings demonstrate the potential of electrodeposited Ni-based materials as efficient and scalable anodes for AEM-WE, advancing the development of cost-effective hydrogen production technologies.