Applicability of pre-gate concepts in RoPax terminals and ports

Purpose: RoPax ports are confronted with approaching urban development. Therefore, planning for port expansion is increasingly restricted, while the challenges of more traffic due to increased handling volumes in the form of congestion and handling times are growing. Hence, access to RoPax ports is an increasingly challenging task requiring due attention from port authorities, city planners, and logistics service providers. Design/methodology/approach: An in-depth literature review of pre-gate concepts was conducted to harmonise the challenges in access management. Eight approaches to pre-gate concepts were identified and discussed. Given the potentials of the benefits associated with the adoption of pre-gate concepts in the operation of RoPax ports, this work is based on a multiple-case study comprising three RoPax terminals in northern Europe. By applying qualitative methods, it is aimed to receive a better understanding of challenges in RoPax port operations. The paper analyses identified pre-gate concepts regarding their applicability to specific challenges of RoPax ports by differentiating between various criteria. Findings: Although primarily designed for container terminals, these concepts hold significant research potential for RoPax ports. The study’s main finding is that effective pre-gate approaches from container terminals can be successfully adapted to RoPax port operations, offering a new framework for addressing increasing traffic and operational complexities. Originality/value: The identified concepts, mainly known from container terminals, have not been considered for RoPax ports but offer many research opportunities. The added value lies in the fact that this approach can address the current space problems in RoPax terminals and the fluctuating access pattern, particularly in urban environments.