Towards a modular co-simulation framework for the assessment of cascading effects among critical infrastructures and the impact on citizens

Public safety is confronted with an increasing number of threats, such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks, cyber-attacks and more. In many cases, these lead to significant disruptions of critical infrastructures affecting a large number of citizens. A better understanding of the complex interplay of critical infrastructures in such scenarios can support authorities and organizations responsible for security. To address this, a modular co-simulation framework is presented that simulates the effects of disasters on critical infrastructures and their direct impact on citizens. The framework captures interdependencies and cascading effects by simulating multiple domains such as water, energy, gas, and telecommunications. It also includes building damage analyses and emergency response decisions. Grounded in physical principles and real-world data, this versatile framework serves as a valuable tool for public-safety assessment and training for safety personnel.