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  4. Towards a Miniaturized Photoacoustic Sensor for Transcutaneous CO2 Monitoring
 
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2024
Journal Article
Title

Towards a Miniaturized Photoacoustic Sensor for Transcutaneous CO2 Monitoring

Abstract
A photoacoustic sensor system (PAS) intended for carbon dioxide (CO2) blood gas detection is presented. The development focuses on a photoacoustic (PA) sensor based on the so-called two-chamber principle, i.e., comprising a measuring cell and a detection chamber. The aim is the reliable continuous monitoring of transcutaneous CO2 values, which is very important, for example, in intensive care unit patient monitoring. An infrared light-emitting diode (LED) with an emission peak wavelength at 4.3 µm was used as a light source. A micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) microphone and the target gas CO2 are inside a hermetically sealed detection chamber for selective target gas detection. Based on conducted simulations and measurement results in a laboratory setup, a miniaturized PA CO2 sensor with an absorption path length of 2.0 mm and a diameter of 3.0 mm was developed for the investigation of cross-sensitivities, detection limit, and signal stability and was compared to a commercial infrared CO2 sensor with a similar measurement range. The achieved detection limit of the presented PA CO2 sensor during laboratory tests is 1 vol. % CO2. Compared to the commercial sensor, our PA sensor showed less influences of humidity and oxygen on the detected signal and a faster response and recovery time. Finally, the developed sensor system was fixed to the skin of a test person, and an arterialization time of 181 min could be determined.
Author(s)
El-Safoury, Mahmoud  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Physikalische Messtechnik IPM  
Weber, Christian  orcid-logo
Fraunhofer-Institut für Physikalische Messtechnik IPM  
Yassine, Hassan
Univ. Freiburg/Brsg., Institut für Mikrosystemtechnik -IMTEK-  
Wöllenstein, Jürgen  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Physikalische Messtechnik IPM  
Schmitt, Katrin  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Physikalische Messtechnik IPM  
Journal
Sensors. Online journal  
Open Access
DOI
10.3390/s24020457
Additional full text version
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Language
English
Fraunhofer-Institut für Physikalische Messtechnik IPM  
Keyword(s)
  • Photoacoustic sensor

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2)

  • Transcutaneous

  • Light-emitting diode (LED)

  • Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) microphone

  • Two-chamber photoacoustic system

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