The influence of transition metal addition on lithium stabilized Na-β″-alumina electrolytes

The present work elucidates the effects of 3d transition metal doping on ceramic, lithium stabilized Na-β″-alumina electrolytes. Three dopants, namely TiO2, Mn3O4, and NiO in various molar amounts, were analyzed for their effect on the synthesis and resulting properties of transition metal doped Na-β″-alumina electrolytes at three different sintering temperatures. The resulting electrolytes were characterized in respect of their phase content, sintering behavior, microstructure, characteristic fracture strength, and ionic conductivity. The work was complemented by introducing two battery application cases for doped Na-β″-alumina electrolytes.