Key Features of Climate-Neutral Energy Systems for Municipalities in Different Climate Zones

The conditions for cities to supply themselves with climate-neutral energy sources vary greatly around the world and depend on many parameters such as the climate, settlement density, intensity of land use, geographical conditions and the economic development stage of the country. Climate-neutral energy system solutions for 7 cities and counties in Europe, Asia and Africa were calculated and compared to identify climate zone-depending patterns for the structures of climate-neutral energy systems. It could be demonstrated that climate zones have a strong influence on the design of climate-neutral energy supply systems, both in terms of renewable energy provision (e.g. solar radiation) and energy consumption (e.g. space heating demand).