Behavior Prediction of Cyber-Physical Systems for Dynamic Risk Assessment

Cyber-Physical Systems, such as autonomous vehicles, have the potential for providing more safety by restricting the impact of potentially unreliable human operators. However, ensuring that the system, i.e. the CPS under consideration, will behave safely under any conditions is not straightforward. The complexity of the environment and the system itself, causes uncertainties that need to be considered by the safety measures. The challenge for an autonomous system is to find the optimal trade-off between safety and utility without human intervention. Consequently, such systems has to be self-adaptive and predictive in order to forecast hazardous situations and react to them before the happen. This paper sketches how reachability analysis in combination with game theory can be used to predict risk of hazardous situations.