Full-space Coverage Leaky-wave Antenna Based on Successive Space Harmonics

Frequency scanning is a unique feature of periodic leaky-wave antennas (P-LWAs), according to which the main beam scans space upon frequency control. However, one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional P-LWAs are capable of scanning space only in a single plane, with a fan beam and a pencil beam, respectively. Here, we explore the possibility of achieving full-space frequency-scanning coverage with 2D P-LWA leveraging multiple space harmonics. Furthermore, we propose a design of 2D P-LWAs with series feeding network, which has 4 ports and capable of covering the full-space. Finally, the results are discussed and plotted based on analytical dispersion diagrams and array factor theory.