Simulating a Direct Energy Market: Products, Performance, and Social Influence

We present modelling results of a direct, high-frequency energy market (DEX) where many heterogeneous (individually configured), situated (distributed), generation and consumption units of various types (photovoltaic systems, combined heat and power plants, heat pumps, wind energy converters, etc.) are able to trade energy and react to fluctuations in real time. These prosumers utilise so-called energy management gateways (EMG) which automatically interact with the DEX, following bidding strategies and preferences chosen by their owners. We simulate the market performance with an agent-based model representing prosumers as heterogeneous, autonomous entities. Results indicate that the direct market is well able to reflect scarcity through prices promptly, and sets of market products can be defined to suit participants' needs.