Grid expansion costs considering different price control strategies of power-to-X options based on dynamic tariffs at the low-voltage level

To achieve energy and climate policy targets, power-to-x (PtX) consumers are becoming more popular. They can often provide additional flexibility but also lead to an increased demand. Thereby, it is unclear to what extent demand-side management can prevent grid extension. Therefore, this paper examines grid extensions caused by different control strategies of PtX options. The focus is on a price-controlled control strategy that dynamizes fees and levies in order to improve the integration of high photovoltaic (PV) feed-in. Furthermore, future changes in user-specific grid utilization fees are determined based on grid expansion costs. The results show that price-controlled control strategies can result in violations of grid restrictions and thus grid extension. However, increased utilization of the grid by PtX options leads to lower user-specific grid utilization fees. The dynamized price signal can improve the integration of PV feed-in but the effects are low due to limited incentives.