Reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages by targeting v-catenin/FOSL2/ARID5A signaling: A potential treatment of lung cancer

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) influence lung tumor development by inducing immunosuppression. Transcriptome analysis of TAMs isolated from human lung tumor tissues revealed an up-regulation of the Wnt/v-catenin pathway. These findings were reproduced in a newly developed in vitro ""trained"" TAM model. Pharmacological and macrophage-specific genetic ablation of v-catenin reprogrammed M2-like TAMs to M1-like TAMs both in vitro and in various in vivo models, which was linked with the suppression of primary and metastatic lung tumor growth. An in-depth analysis of the underlying signaling events revealed that v-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation of FOS-like antigen 2 (FOSL2) and repression of the AT-rich interaction domain 5A (ARID5A) drive gene regulatory switch from M1-like TAMs to M2-like TAMs. Moreover, we found that high expressions of v-catenin and FOSL2 correlated with poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer. In conclusion, v-catenin drives a transcriptional switch in the lung tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting tumor progression and metastasis.