Bioinspired catechol chemistry for dentin remineralization: A new approach for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity

Objective Dentin remineralization is of considerable clinical interest for dentin hypersensitivity and developing biomimetic analogs that can regulate hydroxyapatite (HAp) nucleation and growth remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the potential for dentin remineralization using the following biomimetic in situ prepared poly(catechols): poly(dopamine), poly(DOPA), poly(caffeic acid) and a synthesized DOPA-peptide possessing collagen and calcium-binding domains (DOPA-Ahx-(Gly)3-(Glu)5). Methods Dentin samples were immersed in a freshly prepared phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing the respective catechol and laccase. After the reaction, they were immersed in calcium and phosphate remineralization solution, which was changed every day for 10 days. Samples of intact and demineralized dentin were used as control groups and kept in deionized water under the same experimental conditions. The remineralized dentin was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Micro-energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (mEDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results The application of different poly(catechols) and DOPA-peptide promoted crystal nucleation and the formation of HAp, which partially covered both the dentin surface and dentinal tubules walls. Significance By mimicking the role of charged non-collagenous proteins in vivo, polymers consisting of catechol groups showed the ability to modify demineralized dentin surface properties, promoting mineral formation. The use of poly(catechols) may be encouraged for the development of a therapeutic technique for dentin hypersensitivity.