Deformation simulation using cubic finite elements and efficient p-multigrid methods

We present a novel p-multigrid method for efficient simulation of corotational elasticity with higher-order finite elements. In contrast to other multigrid methods proposed for volumetric deformation, the resolution hierarchy is realized by varying polynomial degrees on a tetrahedral mesh. The multigrid approach can be either used as a direct method or as a preconditioner for a conjugate gradient algorithm. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach and compare it to commonly used direct sparse solvers and preconditioned conjugate gradient methods. As the polynomial representation is defined w.r.t. the same mesh, the update of the matrix hierarchy necessary for corotational elasticity can be computed efficiently. We introduce the use of cubic finite elements for volumetric deformation and investigate different combinations of polynomial degrees for the hierarchy. We analyze the applicability of cubic finite elements for deformation simulation by comparing analytical results in a static and dynamic scenario and demonstrate our algorithm in dynamic simulations with quadratic and cubic elements. Applying our method to quadratic and cubic finite elements results in a speed-up of up to a factor of 7 for solving the linear system.