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  4. Nickel-plated front contacts for front and rear emitter silicon solar cells
 
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2013
Journal Article
Title

Nickel-plated front contacts for front and rear emitter silicon solar cells

Abstract
We investigate the application of nickel-plated front contacts to front and rear emitter silicon solar cells. We compare identically processed p- and n-type Si solar cells featuring (i) a homogeneous phosphorus-diffused n+ front, acting as emitter or front surface field and (ii) a full-area aluminum-alloyed p+ rear, acting as back surface field or rear emitter. This results in an n+pp+ front emitter and an n+np+ rear emitter solar cell structure, respectively. We show that the contact annealing temperature for the thermal formation of the nickel silicide (NiSix) after the electroless Ni plating has a significant influence on the NiSix layer thickness. Increasing the temperature from 300 to 450 °C shifts the average thickness to higher values and augments deep NiSix spikes. The intensified penetration of the n+ front by the NiSix spikes leads to a strong degradation of the front emitter p-type Si solar cell performances due to (i) decreased shunt resistances and (ii) the contamination of the emitter space charge region. We demonstrate that the rear emitter n-type Si solar cells, in contrast, are explicitly more stable. Therefore, by applying n- instead of p-type Si as base material, an improved stability against the thermal Ni contact formation can be easily realized without significant changes in the solar cell fabrication process.
Author(s)
Rauer, Michael  
Mondon, Andrew
Schmiga, Christian  
Bartsch, Jonas  
Glatthaar, Markus  
Glunz, Stefan W.  
Journal
Energy Procedia  
Conference
International Conference on Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics (SiliconPV) 2013  
Open Access
DOI
10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.303
Link
Link
Language
English
Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE  
Keyword(s)
  • Solarzellen - Entwicklung und Charakterisierung

  • Silicium-Photovoltaik

  • Dotierung und Diffusion

  • Herstellung und Analyse von hocheffizienten Solarzellen

  • Industrielle und neuartige Solarzellenstrukturen

  • Solar Cell

  • Contact

  • Silicide Spiking

  • Shunting

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