Rationelle Energieverwendung

Die Energieintensität ist im Jahr 2006 im Vergleich zum Vorjahr zwar weiter zurückgegangen, jedoch in geringerem Maße als noch 2005. Temperaturbereinigt ist zudem nur eine geringfügige Änderung der Primärenergieintensität zu beobachten. Diese Entwicklung scheint im Hinblick auf das erklärte Ziel der deutschen Bundesregierung, durch Maßnahmen zur effizienteren Energienutzung bis zum Jahr 2020 eine Halbierung der Energieintensität gegenüber 1990 zu erreichen, nicht ausreichend zu sein.

A survey with 175 references covers the efficient use of energy in Germany. The energy intensity in 2006 in Germany compared with 2005 declined but not as much as in 2005. Temperature effects made only a minute change in primary energy intensity. This development appears with the view of the government that to take measures for more efficient use by 2020 that will halve the energy intensity versus 1990 is not enough. The discussion covers introduction; general development of energy intensity; structural change; climate policy is more urgent than before and the emissions trade becomes more ambitious; efficient energy use in industry (iron and steel; non-ferrous metals; stone-earth; brick; glass; paper; and foodstuffs); cross sectional technologies; power-heat coupling; and Trend 2007. The petrochemicals field grew 2% in 2006. A noted development was the Degussa process for propylene oxide manufacture with hydrogen peroxide on a titanium silicalite catalyst with over 95% yield. Under the new rubric of white biotechnology developments included bio motor fuels. Also, in green biotechnology the use of renewable raw materials to make bio motor fuels and discussions as to the "right" way to bio motor fuels, whether bio ethanol, bio diesel, or synfuels were not limited to Germany. The Fischer-Tropsch process reawakened interest. Under the influence of high crude oil prices companies such as BASF occupied themselves for example with the European Technology Platform for Sustainable Chemistry (Sus-Chem) with the strengthened use of renewable raw materials. Energy audits were made in various areas of the chemical industry in 2006. One energy intensive use saved up to 10% in energy costs. Pinch analysis played a role in audits. The sales of crude oil based power, engine, and heating materials stagnated in 2006 at about 5,160 Pj. The sales of gasoline declined by 1 million tonnes while the need for diesel and jet fuel increased about 0.5 million tonnes each. The energy intensity of surface and air travel improved about 1%. The International Energy Agency (IEA) and other energy projection sources expect a further decrease of primary energy intensity of about 1.7%/yr, A number of issues and much data are covered. Photographs and graph.