Two-dimensional periodic leaky-wave antenna for oblique frequency scanning

A design of two-dimensional (2D) periodic leaky-wave antenna (P-LWA) to achieve an oblique frequency scanning is presented. This property allows for the antenna to independently scan in two distinct planes using opposite ports. The proposed antenna consists in an array of one-dimensional (1D) P-LWAs terminated by a series feeding line, where the former provides to radiation and scanning in the axis of the 1D P-LWAs and the later provides to scanning in the perpendicular direction. The combined unit cell has four ports, which allows in addition to the oblique frequency scanning in two orthogonal planes scanning with a linearly-polarized pencil beams. The proposed design of the 2D P-LWA is validated via full-wave simulation.