Integration of roles vs. specialization

EV fast charging is still considered a nascent market. Even though it is growing quickly, the market model and the respective business models are still under development. Especially the interplay and balance between charge point operators (CPO), e-mobility service providers (EMP/MSP) and roaming/marketplace operators may significantly change if the market grows and matures. Based on a combination of literature research and expert interviews, this work analyzes the present distribution of roles in the market and the rationale behind it. Furthermore, it provides an outlook on how the future market model could look like.