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  4. Portable electronic devices in cabin and cockpit - analysis of hazards
 
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2025
Conference Paper
Title

Portable electronic devices in cabin and cockpit - analysis of hazards

Abstract
Multiple portable electronic devices (PED) such as smartphones and laptops are carried during flight in cabin and cockpit by passenger and crew. When the Lithium-Ion batteries of PEDs go into thermal runaway flammable and toxic gases are released. In the first part of this study a total of 26 laptops, tablets, smartphones, and power tool batteries have been forced into thermal runaway in a ventilated test box (Volume: 350 l, Ventilation: 13 l/s) observing smoke and fire as the main hazards. Correlations of the venting volume depending on the energy content of the PED are presented. The volume released during fire hazard is seven times the volume released during smoke hazard. Up to 3 l of electrolyte and up to 0.4 l hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride and formaldehyde as well as up 20 l of combustion products of plastics are released during the full test time. For tablets and smartphones, the smoldering of plastics prior to the thermal runaway could be noted visually and due to a rise in propane emissions. In the second part of this study thermal runaway tests with laptops in a A320 mockup (Volume 13 m³) under realistic ventilation (Ventilation: 60 l/s) are presented. The nine tested laptops were used to generate thermal runaway events on the floor, on seats and in the overhead bin. The increase of air temperature in the cabin depends on the distance from the floor, and may be as high as 60 K. The CO2 concentration level in the cabin increases and it takes 16 to 26 min to restore 105 % of the level measured prior to thermal runaway. Finally, the absolute amounts of vent gases are presented and clustered for e.g. toxic and flammable gases or evaporated electrolyte. The presented data will enable the prediction of local concentrations inside occupied areas of the cabin during thermal runaway by CFD simulations.
Author(s)
Holz, Simon
Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI  
Pfaff, Jonas
Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI  
Kuder, Jürgen  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI  
Schopferer, Sebastian  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI  
May, Michael  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI  
Norrefeldt, Victor  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik IBP  
Pathak, Arnav  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik IBP  
Pschirer, Marie  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik IBP  
Kienberger, Maximilian
Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik IBP  
Mainwork
AIAA SCITECH Forum 2025  
Project(s)
Lithium batteries in pOrtable electronic devices - risK of fIre and smoke
Funder
European Commission  
Conference
Science and Technology Forum and Exposition (SciTech Forum) 2025  
DOI
10.2514/6.2025-1421
Language
English
Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik IBP  
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