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  4. Phosphasilazanes as Inhibitors for Respirable Fiber Fragments Formed during Burning of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resins
 
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February 14, 2023
Journal Article
Title

Phosphasilazanes as Inhibitors for Respirable Fiber Fragments Formed during Burning of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resins

Abstract
Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) exhibit additional hazards during and after burning due to respirable fragments of thermo-oxidatively decomposed carbon fibers. In this study, various phosphasilazanes are incorporated into the RTM 6 epoxy matrix of a CFRP to investigate their flame-retarding and fiber-protective properties via cone calorimetry. Residual carbon fibers are analyzed using SEM and EDX regarding their diameter and elemental composition of deposits. The decomposition process of phosphasilazanes is characterized by DIP-MS and infrared spectroscopy of char. Flame-retardant efficiency and mode of action are correlated with the chemical structure of the individual phosphasilazane and compared for neat resin and composite samples. Phosphasilazanes mainly acting in the condensed phase show beneficial fiber-protective and flame-retardant properties. Those with additional gas phase activity are less efficient. The phosphasilazanes degrade thermally via scission of the Si-N bond. The distribution and agglomeration of deposited particles, formed during the fire, influence the residual fiber diameters. Continuous layers show the best combination of flame retardancy and fiber protection, as observed for N-dimethylvinylsilyl-amidophosphorus diphenylester.
Author(s)
Kukla, Philipp  
Fraunhofer-Institut für Betriebsfestigkeit und Systemzuverlässigkeit LBF  
Greiner, Lara
Eibl, Sebastian
Döring, Manfred
Fraunhofer-Institut für Betriebsfestigkeit und Systemzuverlässigkeit LBF  
Schönberger, Frank  orcid-logo
Fraunhofer-Institut für Betriebsfestigkeit und Systemzuverlässigkeit LBF  
Journal
Molecules  
Open Access
DOI
10.3390/molecules28041804
Additional full text version
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Language
English
Fraunhofer-Institut für Betriebsfestigkeit und Systemzuverlässigkeit LBF  
Keyword(s)
  • epoxy resin

  • phosphasilazanes

  • carbon fiber

  • fiber degradation

  • cone calorimeter

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