The Role of Thermal Energy Storage in Market Integration of Variable Renewable Electricity - A German Case Study

This study explores the integration of variable renewable electricity (VRE) sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind power, into energy systems and the role of thermal storage within district heating networks to enhance system flexibility. Utilizing the Enertile model, a techno-economic linear optimization tool, we analyze the supply, transmission, and storage of energy across the EU, with a focus on Germany for the year 2050. We take a detailed look at the dispatch of the district heating supply and the usage of the thermal storage, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our analysis reveals that thermal storages in district heating, together with high shares of heat pumps, significantly aid the integration of VRE by allowing for the storage of thermal energy during periods of high VRE availability. Future research should focus on different types of thermal storage and their distinct impact towards VRE integration.