(Not) in my city: An explorative study on social acceptance of photovoltaic installations on buildings

Existing buildings provide high surface potential for photovoltaic (PV) installations. When deciding whether a building is suitable for solar energy harvesting, social acceptance needs to be considered. While PV is accepted in general, research regarding the acceptance of PV for specific types of buildings is sparse. In two explorative studies, we investigated the building-specific acceptance of PV installations, taking new PV module designs into account. The aim of the first study (N = 76, passersby in the Botanical Garden, Freiburg i. Br. Germany who volunteered to participate) was to investigate which PV module designs are accepted for different buildings. Six different PV crystalline silicon module prototypes varying in color and surface structure were presented on an exhibition table. Using a paper-pencil-survey, participants rated the modules and combined them with presented buildings. Results show that depending on the building, different modules were favored whereby PV modules were chosen mostly due to color integration. In a second study (N = 109, recruited from the participant pool of the institute of psychology, University of Freiburg, Germany, mostly students, and in social media), participants indicated their acceptance of a PV installation for 24 different buildings in an online survey. Results revealed that social acceptance for PV installations on buildings was generally high and was even higher if the PV module was aesthetically integrated or invisibly. PV modules on historical buildings (including a church) were less accepted than on modern buildings. Yet for invisible PV modules, there were no acceptance differences between buildings. Building variables were found to be more important to predict building-specific acceptance than person-related variables such as environmental concerns, values or political attitude. Taken together, the study gives a first insight into the subject of the social acceptance of urban PV installations. Results underline the importance of aesthetic integration and (in)visibility for PV installation on buildings.