Significant improvement of implant performance by surface functionalization

Adverse reactions to implanted materials hamper the successful outcome of a great many therapeutic approaches. Out of the entirety of applicable aspects, we consider the following: Firstly, there is the example where the surface of the implant was modified using chemical and physical methods to mediate firm anchorage of the device by promoting tissue adhesion, growth and deposition of extracellular matrix and meliorate immune surveillance by presenting epitopes which are not regarded as foreign. Secondly, the occurrence of inertia of an implanted device needs consideration. The implant surface was modified to minimize cellular adhesion, whilst passing immunological vigilance. Lastly, the issue of curbing bacterial adhesion, biofilm production cannot be neglected.