External visual positioning system for enclosed carparks

In the last decade, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have taken a key role in vehicular applications. However, GNSS-based systems are inoperable in enclosed areas like carparks. To overcome this problem, we developed an infrastructure-based positioning system which utilizes customary monocular surveillance cameras to determine the position of vehicles within a carpark. The position information is also provided via car-to-infrastructure communication to the appropriate vehicle in order to substitute the in-vehicle positioning system. In this paper, we focus exclusively on the visual detection and positioning component of this system for detecting and locating moving objects in the carpark. A detailed evaluation demonstrates that the proposed system is able to meet the requirements of common vehicular use cases such as navigation, obstacle warning or autonomous driving.