Assessing the Performance, Reliability, and Economic Impact of PV Systems Installation Parameters in Harsh Climates: Case Study Iraq

This study explores the impact of different PV installation parameters on PV modules operating conditions, particularly irradiance levels and module temperature. The study investigates how these variations affect degradation rates and, consequently, the overall lifetime of PV modules. Using a simulation case study in a harsh climate, this paper illustrates the determination of the optimal tilt angle based on factors such as lifetime energy yield, levelized cost of electricity, and greenhouse gas emission factors. It is noteworthy that the chosen location for this study is characterized by significant soiling conditions. The findings underscore the substantial advantages of installing PV modules at relatively higher tilt angles. This strategic choice proves effective in mitigating losses associated with soiling, showcasing an approach that balances optimal energy yield with considerations for prolonged system lifetime and sustainable performance in challenging environments. The research contributes valuable insights for PV designers and stakeholders, emphasizing the need to consider long-term implications and site-specific challenges when optimizing PV system designs.