Reduced-Order Synchronous Generator Modelling for Real-Time Simulation using Shifted Frequency Analysis

Power system simulation is an essential tool to examine new type of phenomena occurring due to the in-stallation of renewable energy resources interfaced via power electronics devices. To achieve adequate simulation accuracy and computational performance, recent research has proposed the dynamic phasor simulation according to Shifted Frequency Analysis (SFA). Yet, particularly in real-Time simulation, the interfacing of nonlinear component models with the commonly employed Modified Nodal Analysis (MNA) based system description appears challenging when aiming for accurate simulation results while ensuring the fulfilment of real-Time requirements. The main contribution of this paper is the presentation of two models implementing different interfacing approaches for nonlinear synchronous generator representation: A predictor-corrector method (PCM) and a voltage-behind-reactance (VBR) model. A particular focus is set on reduced-order synchronous generator models, known from transient stability studies and appropriate for SFA based system level studies, while taking into account interfacing techniques available from electromagnetic transient programs (EMTP) research. The implementation is realized using the SFA based open-source real-Time simulator DPsim. The presented models are evaluated comparatively in terms of their stability, accuracy and computational performance in simulation experiments regarding a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) test system.