Optimization of transparent conductive oxides for silicon-perovskite tandem solar cells

Using sputtering processes, Indium Tin Oxide and Indium Zinc Oxide films were developed for use in Perovskite-Silicon tandem solar cells as a TCO top-layer. Perovskite absorber materials have shown significant promise in the last 10 years for use alone or in tandem cell configurations. However, due to increased temperature instability when compared with their silicon counterparts, new processes and materials must be developed for the surrounding contact layers in order to maximize both cell performance and lifetime. For this purpose, ITO and IZO films with the temperature limitations of the perovskite absorber in mind (Tmax < 100 °C) were developed. The optimum process parameters are determined by optical and conductivity measurements.