Initiation modeling of explosives based on pop plots generated by GAP test data

Initiation behavior is a key safety characteristic of energetic materials (EM). Understanding physical and environmental conditions that lead to the reaction and - speaking of explosives - to detonation of an EM helps designing safer systems and, especially, insensitive munitions (IM). Modeling the initiation of high explosives (HE) enables more versatile, low-cost studies for gaining a deeper understanding of the processes inside a munition during storage, transportation, usage, and threat scenarios. Initiation modeling includes determining equations of state for the non-reacted as well as the reacted state. The transition is described by a kinetic model. The non-reacted state is derived from Us-Up relations through thermodynamic models or inert shock experiments. The equation of state for the reacted state is determined using cylinder expansion (CYLEX) tests. Both the Shock Hugoniot and CYLEX tests are not part of this paper. Nevertheless, for the kinetic model, an experimental methodology is presented as well as the corresponding experimental results. The integration of the components allows implementation in the form of an HVRB model into the simulation, with which the initiation can subsequently be calculated.