Real world GNSS test environment under laboratory conditions

When deploying GNSS applications, antenna array structures recently became very popular. However, the advantage of directional steerable antennas also increases the testing effort. For instance, testing jammer and spoofer suppression techniques or classified technologies like PRS receivers (Galileo) demand the use of over-the-air testing and applying 2D or 3D wave-field synthesis (WFS). In fact, the synthesized emulated electromagnetic field in a shielded environment such as an anechoic chamber allows for realistic and repeatable testing. Such an OTA testbed is currently implemented at the facility for over the air research and testing (FORTE) at Fraunhofer IIS where the following results are a prerequisite for a successful implementation. This paper analyzes test setups, including different emulation antenna configurations and polarization types of interest for 2D and 3D WFS. The error vector magnitude is applied as a metric for field accuracy comparison. An brief introduction of the signal processing, required for 2D/3D WFS is given.