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Koch, Matthias

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Tangible Ecosystem Design

2024-02-01 , Koch, Matthias , Nass Bauer, Claudia

Ein Digitales Ökosystem ist ein sozio-technisches System. Dies bedeutet, dass ein solches Ökosystem nicht nur digitale technische Systeme umfasst, sondern explizit Organisationen und Menschen sowie deren Beziehungen untereinander einschließt. Um die anspruchsvolle Aufgabe der Gestaltung eines erfolgreichen Ökosystem-Services zu bewältigen, stellen wir einen Ansatz vor, der Ökosystem-Initiatoren dabei hilft, ihre Stakeholder zu identifizieren und deren Motivationen auszubalancieren, um die oftmals große Ungewissheit hinsichtlich des Zusammenspiels verschiedenster Akteure abzubauen und schließlich ein Konzept für den Ökosystem-Service zu erstellen. Die Tangible Ecosystem Design (TED)-Methode führt einerseits zu einem greifbaren, das heißt konkreten, Entwurf, und hat andererseits das Potenzial, den Entwurf anfassbar zu machen. Wie das funktioniert und wie dies bei der Gestaltung Digitaler Ökosysteme hilft, stellen wir in diesem Whitepaper vor.

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Opportunities and Limitations of AI in Human-Centered Design a Research Preview

2024 , Heß, Anne , Immich, Thomas , Tamanini, Jill-Valerie , Biedenbach, Mario , Koch, Matthias

[Context and motivation] AI has significantly increased its capabilities and popularity since the emergence of Large Language Models. Generative AI, in particular, shows potential to support a variety of RE activities. [Question/problem] While the opportunities of AI in RE are being discussed, there is little reflection on the limitations and concerns regarding the use of AI. Moreover, holistic investigations of these aspects within the software engineering lifecycle are sparse. [Principal ideas/results] We propose a research agenda that aims to systematically investigate the potential of AI within a human-centered design (HCD) process to derive meaningful application scenarios and recommendations for AI. [Contribution] In this research preview, we share initial results of workshop sessions conducted with RE and UX experts to determine opportunities and limitations of AI within the HCD process and provide insights into ongoing research activities on the example of "persona agents".

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Scenario-based Derivation of Digital Ecosystem Requirements

2023 , Koch, Matthias

The design of digital ecosystems requires the simultaneous consideration of multiple stakeholder groups which leads to complex processes and systems. In practice, the lack of methodological support for the design of digital ecosystems, including the identification of stakeholders and the derivation of requirements, leads to inappropriate business models and insufficient software support. From a scientific perspective, the specificities of digital ecosystems that require an adaptation of software engineering practices are not fully understood. In this research, an approach to support the derivation of requirements for digital platforms was developed to support the design and realization of digital ecosystems. The approach facilitates the gathering of relevant information in digital ecosystems and enables the creation of corresponding representations that document the information appropriately.

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Digital Communication to Compensate for Social Distancing

2021 , Berg, Matthias , Heß, Anne , Koch, Matthias

This paper aims to determine the potentials as well as the limitations of digital communication to compensate for the massive decrease in direct social interaction due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The availability of "DorfFunk" - a smartphone app for communication in local rural communities - was expanded in three German federal states during the spring of 2020 to counteract some of the negative consequences of measures taken to contain the spread of the virus (curfews, quarantines, social distancing). Here, we present the results of a survey on the experiences, needs, and perceived benefits/limitations of DorfFunk users in times of the pandemic. The results indicate that DorfFunk can contribute to coping with such a situation, especially in the local sphere. Local information and the connection to the community turned out to be of importance, while functionalities for the interaction with other individuals were regarded as secondary. The benefits of DorfFunk were valued more positively in regions where the service had been established already before the pandemic.

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How do Platforms Make Money?

2024-02 , Koch, Matthias , Bartels, Nedo Alexander , Smiljanić, Nikola , Ashurov, Shuhrat , Perišić, Filip , Smiljanić, Nikola

This whitepaper aims to provide strategic insights into how platforms and marketplaces earn money as well as an overview of which revenue model(s) you could try in your platform/marketplace. To this end, the paper presents the categories and subcategories of Platform Revenue Models together with tangible real-life examples.

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Developing a Taxonomy for Revenue Models of Platform Business Models

2023-12-12 , Bartels, Nedo Alexander , Koch, Matthias , Gordijn, Jaap

Platform business models like Uber Ride or Airbnb Lodging enable innovative business models by operating digital platforms to connect providers and consumers of products and services in two-sided markets. A particular challenge with platform business models is designing an appropriate revenue model to capture value. This paper presents a taxonomy that classifies the different dimensions and characteristics of revenue models for platform business models. A proven taxonomy development method is used that includes a review of current literature related to platform business models. The taxonomy provides a comprehensive classification of platform revenue models and is applied to a real-life case. The results of this paper include a UML class model and a final taxonomy with 14 dimensions and 64 characteristics. The paper contributes to the design process of novel platform business models and expands the understanding of how digital platforms can generate revenues.

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A Reference Architecture for Enabling Interoperability and Data Sovereignty in the Agricultural Data Space

2023 , Meneses Porto Falcao, Rodrigo , Matar, Raghad , Rauch, Bernd , Elberzhager, Frank , Koch, Matthias

Agriculture is one of the major sectors of the global economy and also a software-intensive domain. The digital landscape of agriculture is composed of multiple digital ecosystems, which together constitute an agricultural domain ecosystem, also referred to as the "Agricultural Data Space" (ADS). As the domain is so huge, there are several sub-domains and specialized solutions, and each of them poses challenges to interoperability. Additionally, farmers have increasing concerns about data sovereignty. In the context of the research project COGNAC, we elicited architecture drivers for interoperability and data sovereignty in agriculture and designed a reference architecture of a platform that aims to address these qualities in the ADS. In this paper, we present the solution concepts and design decisions that characterize the reference architecture. Early prototypes have been developed and made available to support the validation of the concept.

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A Taxonomy for Platform Revenue Models: An Empirical-to-Conceptual Development Approach

2024 , Bartels, Nedo Alexander , Koch, Matthias , Schmitt, Anna , Gordijn, Jaap

In the field of Information Systems and Software Engineering, taxonomies are widely employed to organize and present well-designed knowledge. They play a crucial role in identifying relevant dimensions and characteristics associated with the objects under study. This paper focuses specifically on revenue models for platform business models, which facilitate the connection between providers and consumers in two-sided markets. For example, the Vinted Marketplace charges a transaction-based fee of 5% for each item sold, while nebenan.de offers platform access for a monthly subscription fee. Although these revenue model types differ, they both lead to distinctive and successful revenue models. Understanding and formalizing these revenue mechanisms is fundamental for the systematic design of revenue models for platform business models. This paper follows a proven taxonomy development method with two empirical-to-conceptual iteration cycles involving seven use cases. It introduces a comprehensive taxonomy comprising 15 dimensions and 79 characteristics. The proposed taxonomy contributes to the formalization of revenue models for platform business models and enhances the current understanding of the monetization strategies used by digital platforms to generate revenues. This paper supports researchers and practitioners involved in the design process of platform business models.

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Digitale Ökosysteme in Deutschland

2023 , Koch, Matthias , Polst, Svenja , Naab, Matthias , Bartels, Nedo Alexander , Storck, Sven , Trapp, Marcus , Rauch, Bernd , Jeswein, Thomas

Amazon, Airbnb oder Uber sind bekannte Digitale Ökosysteme. Sie vermitteln Waren, Übernachtungsmöglichkeiten oder Mitfahrten zwischen Anbietern und Konsumenten. Die genannten Digitalen Ökosysteme stammen aus den USA und sind mittlerweile weltweit aktiv. In China gibt es ebenfalls sehr große Digitale Ökosysteme wie Alibaba. Auch in Deutschland gibt es sehr erfolgreiche Digitale Ökosysteme. Schüttflix digitalisiert und revolutioniert die Baubranche durch schnelle, zuverlässige Schüttgutlieferungen. Über MyHammer finden Kunden und Handwerker zueinander. Und Urban Sports Club ermöglicht Sportbegeisterten den Zugang zu einem sehr breitem Sportangebot. Anbieter wie Schüttgutlieferanten, Handwerker oder Fitnessstudios profitieren dabei vom Zugang zu einer großen Kundengruppe, effizienteren Geschäftsprozessen und vielem mehr. Auf der anderen Seite können Konsumenten ein breiteres Angebot genießen als es ein einzelner Anbieter je bieten könnte. Digitale Ökosysteme können also eine Win-Win-Situation für beide Parteien sein und sogar eine Win-Win-Win-Situation, wenn man auch den Betreiber des Digitalen Ökosystems betrachtet. Kurz gesagt: Digitale Ökosysteme stärken die deutsche Wirtschaft. Grund genug also, sich Digitale Ökosysteme genauer anzuschauen. Wir stellen in diesem Whitepaper 41 Digitale Ökosysteme vor, die aus Deutschland stammen oder hier aktiv sind. Damit möchten wir Ihnen die vielfältigen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten von Digitalen Ökosystemen aufzeigen. Lassen Sie sich inspirieren und beschäftigen Sie sich damit, ob Digitale Ökosysteme auch Mehrwerte für Ihr Unternehmen bieten können. Möchten Sie sich an einem oder mehreren Digitalen Ökosystemen beteiligen? Möchten Sie gerne ein eigenes Digitales Ökosystem aufbauen? Möchten Sie gar nichts mit Digitalen Ökosystemen zu tun haben? Digitale Ökosysteme haben bereits erfolgreich viele Domänen transformiert und bieten auch in der Zukunft reichlich Potenzial. Leider reicht das olympische Motto „Dabei sein ist alles“ hier nicht aus. Wir müssen in Deutschland noch viele erfolgreiche Digitale Ökosysteme aufbauen, denn das Thema ist zu wichtig, um es dem Silicon Valley allein zu überlassen. Die Digitalen Ökosysteme, die wir in diesem Whitepaper vorstellen, sind nur ein Auszug, es gibt noch einige mehr. Bei der Auswahl haben wir auf eine bunte Mischung geachtet. Es sind viele Branchen vertreten, sowohl Digitale Ökosysteme aus der Metallindustrie als auch aus dem Freizeitbereich und der Mobilitätsbranche. Außerdem sind sowohl B2B als auch B2C vertreten und sowohl bekannte als auch eher unbekannte Digitale Ökosysteme.

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Using Tangible Modeling to Create an e3 value Conceptual Model for Digital Ecosystems

2022-11-17 , Bartels, Nedo Alexander , Wieringa, Roel , Koch, Matthias , Barreto Villela, Karina , Suzumura, Daniel , Gordijn, Jaap

The design of digital platforms and ecosystems is a challenging problem that involves technical, organizational, and business aspects. In this context, modeling languages for creating conceptualizations are crucial to support the design of comprehensive ecosystems. However, the creation of conceptual models requires the input and expertise of practitioners, who usually do not have the time to learn modeling languages. In this paper, we explore how to overcome this challenge by combining a tangible design approach for ecosystems, named the Tangible Ecosystem Design (TED) methodology, with a value modeling approach named the e 3 value methodology. We created and analyzed a TED Service Map and a corresponding e 3 value model to formulate lessons learned based on a comparison of models. Our results suggest that (1) the design process of a value model can benefit from tangible modeling and (2) model elements can be partially transferred from TED models to e 3 value models. The contribution of this paper provides lessons learned that can be used to derive e 3 value models from the TED approach and thereby lower entry barriers for conceptual models of complex ecosystems.

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