Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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  • Publication
    When Regulatory Power and Industrial Ambitions Collide: The "Brussels Effect," Lead Markets, and the GDPR
    ( 2022)
    Martin, Nicholas orcid-logo
    ;
    Ebbers, Frank orcid-logo
    This chapter explores certain innovation-promoting effects of the GDPR and their geographical dispersion. It also shows that while the GDPR has sparked substantial innovation and the birth of a new industry in the field of “privacy tech,” or technological solutions for data protection compliance, this industry is largely dominated by North America-based companies. Despite the GDPR’s origin in Europe - and despite the hopes of European policymakers that it might spark a wave of new technology innovation in Europe - European companies seem to have struggled to establish themselves in this market. The chapter draws on two concepts from regulatory studies and innovation studies - the “Brussels effect” and regulation-induced lead markets - to explain this outcome, arguing that this surprising outcome (a European law sparking the birth of a new technology industry in America) derives not from idiosyncratic factors connected to the GDPR or even software industries, but from structural factors related to the logic of regulatory globalization.
  • Publication
    Privacy as enabler of innovation
    ( 2020)
    Bachlechner, Daniel
    ;
    Lieshout, Marc van
    ;
    Timan, Tjerk
    Privacy has long been perceived as a hindrance to innovation. It has been considered to raise costs for data governance without providing real benefits. However, the attitude of various stakeholders towards the relationship between privacy and innovation has started to change. Privacy is increasingly embraced as an enabler of innovation, given that consumer trust is central for realising businesses with data-driven products and services. In addition to building trust by demonstrating accountability in the processing of personal data, companies are increasingly using tools to protect privacy, for example in the context of data storage and archiving. More and more companies are realising that they can benefit from a proactive approach to data protection. A growing number of tools for privacy protection, and the emergence of products and services that are inherently privacy friendly indicate that the market is about to change. In this paper, we first outline what ""privacy as enabler of innovation"" means and then present evidence for this position. Key challenges that need to be overcome on the way towards successful privacy markets include the lack of profitability of privacy-friendly offerings, conflicts with new and existing business models, low value attached to privacy by individuals, latent cultural specificities, skill gaps and regulatory loopholes.
  • Publication
    Unblackboxing the effects of privacy regulation on startup innovation
    ( 2018)
    Martin, Nicholas orcid-logo
    ;
    Matt, Christian
    Data-centric businesses have seen rapid growth in recent years, but their development is partly shaped by data protection and privacy regulation (DPPR). While it is often claimed that stricter regulation penalizes firms, there is scarce empirical evidence for this. Drawing on models from innovation economics and taking the example of startup innovation, we use a set of expert interviews to obtain first empirical evidence as a basis for our research. Our emerging results indicate that while DPPR has some negative effects on innovation, these are modest overall, partly because of lax enforcement. Moreover, there is evidence for systematic sectoral variation, with DPPR mildly hindering innovation in certain B2C and B2B markets, but spurring innovation in others. After completion, our work will provide a framework for firms and policy makers to assess the effects of DPPR on innovation.
  • Publication
    The role of privacy-preserving technologies in the age of big data
    ( 2018)
    Bachlechner, Daniel
    ;
    Fors, Karolina la
    ;
    Sears, Alan M.
    The potential social and economic benefits of big data applications are highlighted by researchers and the media alike. However, they can also have negative implications, which are not limited to privacy issues. With alarming regularity, massive data breaches become public. Measures taken by both policy makers and business leaders do not seem to be effective. Privacy preserving technologies have long been a hot topic in research, but they have not yet been widely integrated into big data solutions. To understand the mechanisms that drive or prevent the deployment of privacy-preserving technologies better, we investigated their effectiveness and the challenges they pose as well as their perception and use in the context of big data. The findingsindicate that privacy-preserving technologies are quite mature, have different aims and need to be combined to be effective. The mechanisms that affect their deployment are manifold.
  • Publication
    Gemeinsam zum Innovationserfolg? Verbreitung und Effekte von Forschungs- und Entwicklungskooperationen bei nicht forschungsintensiven Betrieben im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe
    ( 2011)
    Som, O.
    ;
    Kirner, E.
    ;
    Jäger, A.
    ;
    Zanker, C.
    Für die Entwicklung neuer, wettbewerbsfähiger Produkte stellen Investitionen in Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) für produzierende Unternehmen einen zentralen Stellhebel dar. Viele, vor allem kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) in Deutschland weisen jedoch keine oder nur geringe FuE-Aktivitäten auf. Daher stellt sich die Frage, ob nicht forschungsintensive Betriebe dennoch neue Produkte entwickeln und auf den Markt bringen können, indem sie FuEKooperationen mit forschungsintensiven, externen Partnern eingehen. Dieser Beitrag greift diese Frage auf und zeigt anhand quantitativer Betriebsdaten, dass nicht forschungsintensive Betriebe, die in FuEKooperationen neue Technologieimpulse aufnehmen, deutlich häufiger Produktinnovationen hervorbringen und in vermarktbare Produkte umsetzen können als vergleichbare Betriebe, die keine Kooperationen durchführen.
  • Publication
    Demografieorientierte Personalmaßnahmen und Innovation in produzierenden Betrieben
    ( 2011)
    Kinkel, S.
    ;
    Schat, H.-D.
    ;
    Maloca, S.
    Der Einsatz von Personalstrategien im demografischen Wandel ist bei Betrieben mit unterschiedlicher Forschungsintensität in unterschiedlicher Weise ausgeprägt. Diese Zusammenhänge werden mit den Ergebnissen der Erhebung zur Modernisierung der Produktion 2009 des Fraunhofer ISI genauer betrachtet. Diese Auswertung entstand im Rahmen des Projektes VITNESS, gefördert vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung sowie dem Europäischen Sozialfond (ESF), Förderkennzeichen 01FH09148 und betreut durch den Projektträger Arbeitsgestaltung und Dienstleistungen im DLR.
  • Publication
    Erfolgreiche Innovation mit älteren Belegschaften
    ( 2009)
    Schat, H.-D.
    Arbeitsgruppen mit vielen älteren Beschäftigten beteiligen sich in geringem Maße am Kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsprozess (KVP). Doch dies lässt sich vermeiden. Aus dem Vorgehen von Betrieben, die mit einer vergleichsweise alten Belegschaft überdurchschnittliche Innovationsleistungen zeigen, werden Konzepte und Regeln abgeleitet, die die Innovation mit älteren Belegschaften verbessern.
  • Publication
    An integrative approach to disruptive technology forecasting in companies
    ( 2008)
    Weissenberger-Eibl, Marion A.
    ;
    Speith, Stephan
    This chapter presents an integrative approach to disruptive technology forecasting based on technology roadmapping and indicator-based forecasting. We discuss our experiences with the approach in the case of two disruptive technology projects in two firms.Our basic proposition is that roadmapping disruptive technological progress is a process with three principal functions: information analysis, strategic anticipation and decision-making. We propose a six-step process to accomplish these functions. Database analysis is combined with expert judgement to provide the status quo of the technology field under study. The contexts of possible future applications are developed jointly by managers and technology experts. Finally, alternative strategies toward the future application contexts are constructed.The approach helps to structure the disruptive innovation process. Information from different sources can be combined and strategies documented for planning further actions. The joint imagining of possible future application contexts leads to a shared understanding among technology experts and managers. Strategic anticipation and thinking in alternatives was stimulated, especially when critical events were included in the discussion. Finally, additional valuable information on the scientific bases of the technologies was generated.