Now showing 1 - 10 of 1483
  • Publication
    Technische und menschliche Unterstützung von Menschen mit Behinderungen - Anforderungen an eine gelingende Inklusion
    ( 2022) ;
    Nierling, Linda
    ;
    Maia, Maria
    Die Schaffung einer inklusiven, reflexiven und innovativen Gesellschaft wird in Deutschland aktuell u.a. mit dem Nationalen Aktionsplan zur UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention 2.0 umgesetzt. Dennoch besteht bei der Inklusion von Menschen mit Behinderungen auf praktischer Ebene Verbesserungsbedarf, so existieren bspw. Herausforderungen in Bezug auf die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz oder den Zugang zu bedarfsgerechten Assistiven Technologien (AT). Diese haben bei der Inklusion eine wichtige Funktion, da sie ihre Benutzer:innen in der alltäglichen Lebensführung oder der Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt unterstützen können. Eine wesentliche Rolle für dieses Unterstützungspotenzial - sowohl für Low- als auch für Hightech-Lösungen - spielen die Zugänglichkeit und die Kosten, aber auch die Akzeptanz von AT, die wesentlich verbessert werden kann, wenn ein nutzerorientierter Design- und Entwicklungsprozess verfolgt wird. Eine verantwortungsvolle Begleitung des Innovationsprozesses ist vor allem auch dann wichtig, wenn es um neue Entwicklungen im Feld der AT, z.B. künstliche Intelligenz, geht. Für eine gelingende Inklusion spielt neben der nutzerorientierten Technikgestaltung auch die staatliche Regulierung eine wichtige Rolle, da so die Einbettung und Nutzung von AT auf der persönlichen Ebene gefördert werden kann. Anhand von zwei Szenarien werden im Kapitel unterschiedliche Zukunftspfade für die Unterstützung der Inklusion durch AT aufgezeigt. Wesentliche Faktoren für die zukünftige Entwicklung sind das gesellschaftliche Klima und die soziale Einbettung technischer Lösungen. Drei Handlungsfelder für eine gelingende Inklusion können abgeleitet werden: 1) Die Bereitstellung sowohl menschlicher und technischer Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten, abgestimmt auf die individuellen Bedürfnisse und Fähigkeiten, 2) die strategische Priorisierung der breiten Verfügbarkeit von AT, parallel dazu die Entwicklung von Hightech-Lösungen, die eines Tages breit verfügbar sein könnten, und 3) die Förderung eines inklusionsfreundlichen gesellschaftlichen Klimas.
  • Publication
    The diffusion of industrial robots
    ( 2022)
    Dachs, Bernhard
    ;
    Fu, Xiaolan
    ;
    Jäger, Angela
    Over the last 20 years, industrial robots have become more flexible, adaptive, and powerful. The worldwide diffusion of industrial robots increased significantly, especially after the global financial crisis of 2008/09. Despite this growth, industrial robots are unevenly distributed across countries, sectors, and firms and still far from being a general-purpose technology. Today, firms in Asian countries install more industrial robots than America, Europe, and Africa combined. China is the largest user of industrial robots. The manufacturing sector is by far the major application domain for robots, in particular the automotive and the electrical/electronics industries. Outside manufacturing, only few robots are installed. Robots are still an exception in small firms and for the production in smaller batches or single units. Evidence for an uneven diffusion of robots can also be found in comparisons of the intensity of robot use across countries which is very much driven by industrial structure.
  • Publication
    Managerial and public policy implications
    ( 2021)
    Rio, Pablo del
    ;
    ;
    Carrillo-Hermosilla, Javier
    ;
    Könnölä, Totti
    The aim of this chapter is to discuss some of the managerial and public policy implications deriving from the analysis of the CE at the micro-level. The former refers to measures private decision makers in firms can take in order to facilitate the uptake of circular practices in-house. The latter includes framework conditions and specific policies that public policy-makers can implement in order to encourage such uptake, by either activating the drivers or mitigating the barriers to their development or adoption.
  • Publication
    Drivers and barriers to circular practices at the micro-level: Case studies
    ( 2021)
    Rio, Pablo del
    ;
    ;
    Carrillo-Hermosilla, Javier
    ;
    Könnölä, Totti
    In order to illustrate the drivers and barriers to the adoption of CE innovations at the micro-(firm) level, in this chapter, we present case studies of firms in different sectors.
  • Publication
    At the crossroad: The circular economy within the broader picture
    ( 2021)
    Rio, Pablo del
    ;
    ;
    Carrillo-Hermosilla, Javier
    ;
    Könnölä, Totti
    Although the CE has emerged as an important concept in current debates about sustainability and also in policy-making at the public sector and company levels, it has certainly not emerged from scrap. On the contrary, it builds on several previous approaches and, in turn, overlaps, contributes and interacts with them.
  • Publication
    How firms absorb external knowledge - modelling and managing the absorptive capacity process
    ( 2021) ;
    Dreher, Carsten
    ;
    Som, Oliver
    This paper contributes to the literature and management practice by opening the ""black box"" of firms' absorptive capacity (AC) processes. Following a process research approach and based on in-depth comparative case studies of four German manufacturing companies, we develop and empirically validate a procss model of the firm-internal AC process. Our model integrates the different single elements (e.g., individuals, teams, departments) as well as the different linear and nonlinear causal interactions that constitute the firm's ability to identify, adopt, implement and exploit external information and knowledge. Furthermore, the paper elaborates on various organizational leverages to increase the effectiveness of the identified process flows. The findings provide explanatory insight into the organisational prerequisites of AC. Thus, the paper simultaneously contributes to enhance the academic and management's understanding of firms' AC by identifying its constitutional key elements, their different kinds of processual interrelation as well as organisational prerequisites and points of leverage to modify, measure, and improve the AC of a company.
  • Publication
    The micro-level approach to the circular economy
    ( 2021)
    Rio, Pablo del
    ;
    ;
    Carrillo-Hermosilla, Javier
    ;
    Könnölä, Totti
    The CE is a multidimensional and multi-level concept. This multidimensionality is addressed by most authors in the CE literature.
  • Publication
    Gesamtsystemtransformation und Emissionspfade zur Klimaneutralität
    ( 2021)
    Luderer, Gunnar
    ;
    Günther, Claudia
    ;
    Sörgel, Dominika
    ;
    ;
    Blesl, Markus
    ;
    Haun, Matthias
    ;
    Kattelmann, Felix
    ;
    Pietzcker, Robert
    ;
    Rottoli, Marianna
    ;
    Schreyer, Felix
    ;
    Sehn, Vera
    ;
  • Publication
    Introduction
    ( 2021)
    Rio, Pablo del
    ;
    ;
    Carrillo-Hermosilla, Javier
    ;
    Könnölä, Totti
    More than a decade ago, three of us joined forces to write a book on the role of innovation in environmental protection. The title of that book ""Eco-Innovation: When Sustainability and Competitiveness Shake Hands"" captured our conviction to explore win-win solutions for a wider impact. Continuing our journey with this new book, we realize the world has changed quite a bit in a decade. Today, we find that the environment and innovation are both pertinent centrepieces of the highest policy and business agendas. Among all efforts to link competitiveness and sustainability, the concept of circular economy (CE) is probably the one with the highest momentum.
  • Publication
    User-driven innovation with frugal characteristics. A Multi-Case Analysis of China's Innovation-Driven
    ( 2021) ;
    Liefner, Ingo
    This paper emphasises the continued and renewed relevance of user-driven, frugal innovation for economic development in China, thus challenging the increasingly prevalent, technology-centred approach to explaining local economic growth in that country. Taking up inspirations from other emerging economies' discourses, it demonstrates that business models aimed at innovation for mid- to low-income markets continue to play a role for China. Acknowledging that ""frugal innovation"" as such is not a common term in China to date, it underlines that three fundamental elements of frugal activities are indeed very vividly present in China and deserve further attention. First, the awareness for and ability to designing focused, user-oriented solutions in unorthodox ways, second, the ability to leverage and network distributed capacity outside of the nation's geographic centres of innovation and, third, ability to explore new models of collaborative innovation that reach beyond corporate boundaries. Furthermore, it highlights that, nowadays, digital technologies enable novel approaches to matching different types of innovation supply and demand at various levels throughout the country.