Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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Implications of hydrogen import prices for the German energy system in a model-comparison experiment

2024 , Schmitz, Richard , Brandes, Julian , Nolte, Hannah , Kost, Christoph , Lux, Benjamin , Haendel, Michael , Held, Anne

With its ability to store and transport energy without releasing greenhouse gases, hydrogen is considered an important driver for the decarbonisation of energy systems. As future hydrogen import prices from global markets are subject to large uncertainties, it is unclear what impact different hydrogen and derivative import prices will have on the future German energy system. To answer that research question, this paper explores the impact of three different import price scenarios for hydrogen and its derivatives on the German energy system in a climate-neutral setting for Europe in 2045 using three different energy system models. The analysis shows that the quantities of electricity generated as well as the installed capacities for electricity generation and electrolysis increase as the hydrogen import price rises. However, the resulting differences between the import price scenarios vary across the models. The results further indicate that domestic German (and European) hydrogen production is often cost-efficient.

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Deutschland auf dem Weg aus der Gaskrise: Wie sich Klimaschutz und Energiesouveränität vereinen lassen

2022 , Luderer, Gunnar , Bartels, Frederike , Blesl, Markus , Burkhardt, Alexander , Edenhofer, Ottmar , Fahl, Ulrich , Gillich, Annika , Herbst, Andrea , Hufendiek, Kai , Kaiser, Markus , Kittel, Lena , Koller, Florian , Kost, Christoph , Seibert, Dennis , Rehfeldt, Matthias , Pietzcker, Robert , Schreyer, Felix , Sievers, Luisa

Knappheiten und hohe Preise: Wege aus der Gaskrise zeigt jetzt eine neue Studie für Deutschland auf. Von kurzfristigen Interventionen für die Energiesicherheit bis hin zu längerfristigen Weichenstellungen für den Kurs auf Klimaneutralität sind in den Sektoren Gebäude, Industrie und Energiewirtschaft massive Einsparungen beim Gasverbrauch unerlässlich. Mehr als 30 Fachleute des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Kopernikus-Projekts Ariadne buchstabieren erstmals im Modell- und Szenarienvergleich aus, welche Stellschrauben und Spielräume zur Verfügung stehen. Sie zeigen, dass Klimaschutz und Energiesouveränität miteinander vereinbar sind.

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Deutschland auf dem Weg zur Klimaneutralität 2045. Ariadne-Report. Zusammenfassung

2021 , Luderer, Gunnar , Günther, Claudia , Sörgel, Dominika , Kost, Christoph , Benke, Falk , Auer, Cornelia , Koller, Florian , Herbst, Andrea , Reder, Klara , Böttger, Diana , Ueckerdt, Falko , Pfluger, Benjamin , Wrede, Daniel , Strefler, Jessica , Merfort, Anne , Rauner, Sebastian , Siala, Kais , Schlichenmaier, Simon

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Opportunities and challenges of high renewable energy deployment and electricity exchange for North Africa and Europe - scenarios for power sector and transmission infrastructure in 2030 and 2050

2016 , Boie, Inga , Kost, Christoph , Bohn, Sven , Agsten, Michael , Bretschneider, Peter , Snigovyi, Oleksandr , Pudlik, Martin , Ragwitz, Mario , Schlegl, Thomas , Westermann, Dirk

Climate change and limited availability of fossil fuel reserves stress both the importance of deploying renewable energy sources (RES) for electricity generation and the need for a stronger integration of regional electricity markets. This analysis focuses on North African (NA) countries, which possess vast resources of renewable energy but whose electricity supply is still largely dependent on fossil fuels. An analysis of cost-optimized deployment scenarios for RES is conducted in five NA countries in 2030 and 2050. Three electricity models are combined to derive results covering trans-regional to sub-national level, including a detailed analysis of grid capacities and future transmission challenges. Further, opportunities for integration of European and NA electricity markets are evaluated. Results confirm that, by 2050, high RES shares - close to 100% - are possible in NA. Wind energy is the dominant technology. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants also play an important role with rising RES shares due to the possibility to store thermal energy. Electricity exports to Europe gain particular importance in the period after 2030. Substantial transmission grid reinforcements on AC-level and the construction of a high voltage DC overlay grid are prerequisites for the forecasted scenarios.

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Szenarien für ein klimaneutrales Deutschland

2023 , Ragwitz, Mario , Weidlich, Anke , Biermann, Dirk , Brandes, Julian , Brown, Tom , Burghardt, Célia , Dütschke, Elisabeth , Erlach, Berit , Fuss, Sabine , Geden, Oliver , Gierds, Jörn , Jochem, Patrick , Herrmann, Ulrike , Fischedick, Manfred , Kost, Christoph , Luderer, Gunnar , Schäfer, Mirko , Wiese, Frauke , Neuhoff, Karsten , Wagemann, Kurt , Winkler, Jenny , Zachmann, Bastian , Zheng, Lin

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Hydrogen technologies in energy systems

2022 , Bard, Jochen , Gerhardt, Norman , Plaisir, Marie , Schröer, Ramona , Held, Anne , Henning, Hans-Martin , Kost, Christoph , Pfluger, Benjamin , Ragwitz, Mario , Reuter, Andreas

This chapter compares the role of hydrogen and synthetic energy carriers in energy systems and discusses certain aspects of them. To this end, we have examined systemic studies that consider the existing interactions between demand, production, facility locations and the construction and use of power, gas and heating networks.

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Interaction of energy storage technologies and synthetic fuels in long-term decarbonization scenarios

2021 , Böttger, Diana , Kost, Christoph , Wrede, Daniel , Lux, Benjamin , Fleiter, Tobias , Pfluger, Benjamin , Heilig, Judith , Gerhardt, Norman , Haendel, Michael

With the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, the international community has reaffirmed its commitment to tackle anthropogenic climate change with the goal of limiting the global average temperature increase below 1.5 °C, but to a maximum of 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Against this background, we examine scenarios for a complete decarbonisation of the European energy supply. Since such scenarios are based on a high expansion of weather-dependent renewable energy sources, the question arises, which flexible technologies are necessary to balance supply and demand in such energy systems. In this paper, a scenario analysis shows which capacity or volume of energy storage, power interconnectors and synthetic fuels are needed in decarbonization scenarios. To address this research question three different energy system models are applied. These models cover Europe and Germany, respectively, and are able to explain different results of the single models based of the corresponding model characteristics. The paper concludes that the power sector is able to cover a considerable share of the energy demand in the heat and transport sector with the help of flexible sector coupling technologies such as heat pumps and electric mobility. All considered models manage to find solutions for a deep decarbonization if flexibility and storage option are available.

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Study on Energy Storage

2023 , Hoogland, Onne , Fluri, Verena , Kost, Christoph , Klobasa, Marian , Kühnbach, Matthias , Khanra, Manish , Antretter, Michelle , Koornneef, Joris , Weijde, Harry van der , Satish, Aravind , Battistutta, Elisa , Veum, Karina , Gorenstein Dedecca, João , Doorman, Anniek , Nuffel, Luc van , Cerny, Ondrej , Breitschopf, Barbara , Herbst, Andrea

Flexibility of energy supply and demand becomes increasingly important with increasing shares of intermittent renewable electricity generation. Energy storage is one of the candidates to provide the required flexibility to the electricity system. Against this background, the Energy Transition Ex-pertise Centre was asked to deliver a study on energy storage to improve the understanding of energy storage technologies, their business case, and best practices for enabling the development of energy storage capacities.

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Einsatz von Wasserstofftechnologien im Energiesystem

2022 , Bard, Jochen , Gerhardt, Norman , Plaisir, Marie , Schröer, Ramona , Held, Anne , Henning, Hans-Martin , Kost, Christoph , Ragwitz, Mario , Pfluger, Benjamin , Reuter, Andreas

Das Kapitel vergleicht die Rolle von Wasserstoff und synthetischen Energieträgern im Energiesystem und diskutiert ausgewählte Aspekte. Hierfür wurden Systemstudien herangezogen, die bestehendeWechselwirkungen zwischen Nachfrage, Erzeugung, räumlicher Verortung der Anlagen und den Aufbau und die Nutzung von Strom-, Gas- und Wärmenetzinfrastruktur berücksichtigen.

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Gesamtsystemtransformation und Emissionspfade zur Klimaneutralität

2021 , Luderer, Gunnar , Günther, Claudia , Sörgel, Dominika , Kost, Christoph , Blesl, Markus , Haun, Matthias , Kattelmann, Felix , Pietzcker, Robert , Rottoli, Marianna , Schreyer, Felix , Sehn, Vera , Sievers, Luisa

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