Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT

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  • Publication
    Editorial for Special Issue on Block Chain Technology and its Applications
    ( 2021)
    Mori, P.
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    Prinz, W.
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    Ricci, L.
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    Weippl, E.
  • Publication
    BCDM - A decision and operation model for blockchains
    ( 2021)
    Dabboussi, D.
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    Victor, F.
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    Prinz, W.
    Increasing numbers of blockchain applications will be faced with groundbreaking technologies. In this context, two research questions arise. First, deciding which use cases are profitable for business transformation and, second, ascertaining how the blockchain technology can be mapped and operated analogous to an IT Service Manangement approach. We believe that the introduction and application of Blockchain concepts must be considered in the context of the overall IT ecosystem of an organization. Therefore, we will provide a comprehensive decision and operating model, called BCDM, for the implementation of blockchains that will allow us to answer these two questions.
  • Publication
    Exploiting smart contract bytecode for classification on ethereum
    ( 2020)
    Sezer, S.
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    Eyhoff, C.
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    Prinz, W.
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    Rose, T.
    Due to the increase in smart contracts in Ethereum, a need for proper classification has emerged. Although the smart contracts are accessible due to the open nature of the Blockchain, readability is still an issue with respect to the smart contract bytecode. We propose an automated approach for classifying smart contracts that utilize popular text classification methods on the opcode translation of the smart contract bytecode in order to overcome this limitation. Our experiments indicate that the decision-tree-based techniques like Random Forest and Xgboost outmatch the traditional classification tools like Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, and SVM once the opcode input is presented as n-gram tf-idf vectors.
  • Publication
    Trading User Data: A Blockchain Based Approach
    ( 2019)
    Weber, T.
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    Prinz, W.
    User data has become a valuable economic resource for many companies. While on the one hand user data may help companies improve their services and gain a better understanding of potential customers, on the other hand, the proliferation of user data is usually accompanied by a loss of user privacy. In the case of platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Google, users are essentially trading their personal information for services and are often unaware of the potential consequences this trade may have on their private life. This paper presents an approach that allows users to store their data on their own smartphone and have full control over their data, allowing them to specify which companies or organizations obtain their personal data. At the same time, the blockchain technology will be used to realize a system for reliable negotiations involving user data without a central entity. Our approach makes it impossible for either the data provider or data collector to perform manipulations or cheat once a data exchange contract has been signed.
  • Publication
    A capability analysis of groupware, cloud and desktop file systems for file synchronization
    ( 2019)
    Shekow, M.
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    Prinz, W.
    Many groupware applications use hierarchical file systems, cloud storage or shared desktop operating system disks to support the cooperative development of shared artefacts or to share information. In these collaboration scenarios, often file synchronizers assist users in the data management across multiple devices. They establish consistency between file systems, even in light of their heterogeneity. However, the development of file synchronizers is difficult due to the fact that mainstream operating systems were not primarily built for cooperation or synchronization scenarios. Further, synchronizers need to address heterogeneity, by translating semantical differences and considering cross-device and cross-file system incompatibilities. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of six file system capabilities relevant to shared data synchronizers, such as mapping from namespace to physically stored objects, supported object types, namespace limitations or locking mechanisms. For each capability we derive commonalities for a set of selected file systems and also provide advice for handling incompatibilities. The insights of this work provide useful concepts and guidance for groupware developers that aim for a better user experience in synchronization support.
  • Publication
    Beyond HCI and CSCW: Challenges and useful practices towards a human-centred vision of AI and IA
    ( 2019)
    Oppermann, L.
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    Boden, A.
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    Hofmann, B.
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    Prinz, W.
    ;
    Decker, S.
    Over the decades, technologies envisioned by pioneers such as Douglas Engelbart are becoming a reality. AI has become an important driver for technological progress, posing questions for the future of human-computer interaction. Our research group at Fraunhofer FIT looks back on a 51 year long research tradition that started with Engelbart's vision and followed through the larger developments of HCI from the introduction of CSCW up to successful projects involving the engineering of large software systems in practice. In this paper, we outline the history of our institute against the background of trends in HCI, working out the cornerstones and ""useful practices"" from our research tradition towards our vision of the future of a human-centred AI/IA, with the expectation that this analysis may be useful for similar organisations. In doing so, we illustrate tensions between theory and application, humans and technology, and show how keeping those aspects in balance is an important challenge and chance for bringing disruptive emerging technologies successfully into practice.
  • Publication
    Tango vs. HoloLens: A comparison of collaborative indoor AR visualisations using hand-held and hands-free devices
    ( 2019)
    Riedlinger, U.
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    Oppermann, L.
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    Prinz, W.
    In this article, we compare a Google Tango tablet with the Microsoft HoloLens smartglasses in the context of the visualisation and interaction with Building Information Modeling data. A user test was conducted where 16 participants solved four tasks, two for each device, in small teams of two. Two aspects are analysed in the user test: the visualisation of interior designs and the visualisation of Building Information Modeling data. The results show that the Tango tablet is surprisingly preferred by most users when it comes to collaboration and discussion in our scenario. While the HoloLens offers hands-free operation and a stable tracking, users mentioned that the interaction with the Tango tablet felt more natural. In addition, users reported that it was easier to get an overall impression with the Tango tablet rather than with the HoloLens smartglasses.
  • Publication
    Blockchain: Verlässliche Transaktionen
    ( 2018)
    Prinz, W.
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    Rose, T.
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    Osterland, T.
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    Putschli, C.
    Zur Digitalisierung von Diensten und Prozessen besitzt die Blockchain-Technologie eine große Relevanz für viele verschiedene Anwendungsbereiche außerhalb der Finanzbranche und vor allem auch unabhängig von Kryptowährungen. Während für das Internet der Dinge vor allem die mit Smart Contracts verbundenen Automatisierungspotenziale wesentlich sind, ist es für Anwendungen aus den Bereichen Supply Chain oder für Herkunftsnachweise die Irreversibilität der verwalteten Transaktionen. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Funktionsweise dieser neuen Technologie und die sich daraus ergebenden wichtigsten Eigenschaften. Zur Identifikation von Digitalisierungsvorhaben, für die die Blockchain-Technologie geeignet ist, liefert das Kapitel eine Kriterienliste. Die Breite der Blockchain-Technologien und ihre Anwendungen erfordern einen multidisziplinären Ansatz sowohl bei der Entwicklung der Basistechnologien als auch bei der Anwendungsentwicklung, der Wirtschaftlichkeitsberechnung und der Konzeption neuer Governance-Modelle. Die vielfältigen Kompetenzen der Fraunhofer-Institute ermöglichen der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, einen wesentlichen Beitrag bei der Weiterentwicklung und Anwendung der Blockchain-Technologie zu leisten.
  • Publication
    Identifikation und Darstellung von Verteilungsnetzzuständen mittels Netz-Screening zur Unterstützung von Planung und Betriebsführung
    ( 2016)
    Cramer, M.
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    Potratz, F.
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    Schnettler, A.
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    Willing, S.
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    Prinz, W.
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    Brosda, C.
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    Taske, A.
    Die zunehmende Dezentralisierung der elektrischen Energiebereitstellung erhöht gleichermaßen Bedeutung und Kom-plexität im Verteilungsnetzbetrieb. Die Kenntnis des Netzzustands ist dabei für Planung und Betriebsführung von hoher Bedeutung. In diesem Beitrag wird das Verfahren Netz-Screening präsentiert, mit dem anhand einer geringen Anzahl von Messdaten aus intelligenten Zählern der Netzzustand von Niederspannungsverteilungsnetzen bewertet wird. Die Berechnung des Netzzustands wird dabei browserbasiert aufgerufen, anschließend automatisiert remote durchgeführt und ausgewertet. Diese Ergebnisse erlauben eine bedarfsgerechtere Planung und sind Grundlage für einen automatisier-ten Verteilungsnetzbetrieb.
  • Publication
    User involvement in software development processes
    ( 2016)
    Alvertis, I.
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    Koussouris, S.
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    Papaspyros, D.
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    Arvanitakis, E.
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    Mouzakitis, S.
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    Franken, S.
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    Kolvenbach, S.
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    Prinz, W.
    Costs of software development and deployment are decreasing due to numerous open source projects and novel Cloud-based services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), but competition increases due to lowering entry barriers. The need to bring developers closer to their customer becomes vital for success, especially involving users into the very early stages of software development. This allows detecting flaws of conceptual and design nature, minimize unnecessary development costs, and warrant relevance for customers. This paper presents the CloudTeams methodology and platform that aim to bridge this gap, based on an existing groupware system supporting the notion of collaborative software development.