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PublicationProcess-based life cycle assessment for the manufacturing of functional materials and printed electronics( 2023-06-16)
;Narres, Nicoletta ;Fuhs, FranziskaPrinted electronics are a massively researched technology that is continuously developing new materials, processes, and applications. With the increasing interest in the technology, also the associated environmental impacts gain growing importance. Therefore, insights on processes for functional material production and device manufacturing in the domain of printed electronics are required to provide a solid data baseline for determining environmental impacts of printed electronic devices and in a subsequent step benchmark them against conventional electronics. The document at hand summarizes the outcomes of task T11.5 - Pilot line LCA from the publicly funded EU-project LEE-BED (grant agreement no. 814485). The main objectives of the work conducted in this specific work package are the information of material developers, pilot line operators and potential users of printed electronics on the environmental impacts resulting from different production technologies. This means that the manufactured products (demonstrators, end user products) are explicitly not focused on, even though data collection for production processes naturally cannot be performed completely independently of products. Within the project, the outcomes of this task are fed back to the phase 1 service - life cycle analysis, developed in WP3 and applied in WP9 and WP10 in the project duration. -
PublicationEnvironmental impacts and implications of RFID tagsThe European Union (EU) funded project Nano-Enabled Conducting Materials Accelerating Device Applicability (NECOMADA), Grant Agreement Number: 720897, has the ambition incorporate advanced functional materials to deliver customised conductive inks and flexible adhesives compatible with high volume manufacturing platforms. Specifically the development of these enabling materials will support high speed roll-to-roll (R2R) integration of hybrid and large area electronics to address internet of things opportunities. The overall NECOMADA objective is the delivery of conductive inks and adhesives compatible with R2R application on flexible substrates via a high speed printing and/ or pick and place conversion. The project targets substantial reduction in device costs compared with the current state of the art. This is achieved through the combination of formulated structured nanomaterials (conductive inks/ adhesives) with R2R printing, coating, and component pick and place at pilot scale to demonstrate the potential for low cost, robust, high volume device manufacturing. The objective of this study is to raise awareness about relevant sustainability issues for materials developed within NECOMADA, machinery and processes used, as well as appliers of the new technology. This is done by describing the environmental impacts of the RFID tags developed in the scope of NECOMADA, as well as the findings during the investigation. In this study, four packaging applications are examined (food boxes, aluminium can, plastic detergent bottle, and medical blister) and their implications to the product is analysed. Figure 1 shows the investigated systems over their life cycle stages. Figure 1: Investigated systems of the study over their life cycle stages In the system ""RFID tag"" the environmental impacts of its life cycle stages are assessed. This includes the manufacturing of conductive particles, inks and adhesives, as well as components like ICs and substrates. Finally, the NECOMADA pilot line brings materials and components together via printing, attaching and converting.
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PublicationDeliverable 11.4. Sustainability module for pilot line(Fraunhofer IBP, 2019)
;Viitanen, Anna-KaisaKanerva, TomiThe sustainability module makes sure users of the pilot line are able to receive sustainability-related information about NECOMADA products they order. This is integrated in the configuration/order process as opt-out feature. The goal is to increase the sustainability awareness of future beneficiaries of the NECOMADA project. In a broader sense, it contributes to a future in which sustainability qualities of products are commonplace next to classic qualities such as effectiveness, cost and reliability. The sustainability-related information about the ordered NECOMADA product is provided in the form of a sustainability fact sheet. The sustainability fact sheet focuses on two life cycle assessment impact categories, climate change and resource depletion - minerals and metals. Both categories are recommended by the European Commission to measure and communicate environmental performance of products. Based on the relevance of greenhouse gas emissions and the reduction of these emissions the sustainability fact sheet focuses on the anthropogenic (induced by human activities) climate change. The associated environmental impact category is the Global Warming Potential (GWP), which is expressed in kilogram carbon dioxide equivalent (kg CO2-eq.). The environmental impact category 'Global Warming Potential' will be analysed for a period of 100 years (GWP100). For this purpose, the EF3.0 characterization factors are used, which are described in the IPCC 2013 report. -
PublicationRecommendations for resource efficient and environmentally responsible manufacturing of CFRP products(Carbon Composites, 2017)
;Kugler, Martin ;Pitschke, Thorsten ;Seitz, Matthias ;Schüppel, Denny ;Kreibe, SiegfriedReden, Tjark von