Dr.-Ing.

Albrecht, Stefan

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  • Publication
    Reliable design of adaptive load-bearing structures with focus on sustainability
    ( 2020)
    Ostertag, Andreas
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    Dazer, Martin
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    Bertsche, Bernd
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    Schlegl, Friederike
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    Albrecht, Stefan orcid-logo
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    Leistner, Philip
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    Gienger, Andreas
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    Wagner, Julia
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    Tarín, Cristina
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    Sawodny, Oliver
    Nowadays large amounts of raw materials are used in the building industry. Conventional design methods for passive constructions are at the limit of what's permissible according to standard and oversized for most of their design life. In order to reduce the consumption of raw material and the environmental impact caused by its production, an actuation of the load-bearing structure is a possible way forward. Such a structure is able to adapt to different load cases by specifically manipulating internal stresses using actuators installed in the structure. This paper introduces a design procedure applied to an adaptive high-rise load-bearing structure demonstrating reliability and includes the changing environmental impact. The trade-off between oversizing, which leads to high reliability and savings of raw material for minimal environmental impact needs to be solved for unique structures with quantity one. By use of a linear-elastic model the effect of wind loads is simulated and actuator forces and tensions were calculated. In the total balance the energy consumption of the actuators and its related greenhouse gas emissions as well as the intended savings due to the reduced need for raw materials in production is included. In conclusion, replacing building material with energy can be a promising way forward on the condition, that electric energy will become increasingly environmentally friendly in the near future, whereas natural resources for materials are limited.
  • Publication
    Assessment of social impacts along the value chain of automation technology components using the LCWE method
    ( 2019)
    Schlegl, Friederike
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    Barkmeyer, Mercedes
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    Kaluza, Alexander
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    Knüpffer, Eva
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    Albrecht, Stefan orcid-logo
    Purpose: During the last years, the sustainability of products has gained importance. The established life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology focuses on the evaluation of environmental impacts of products. Academic research extends this approach to social impacts towards establishing a social life cycle assessment (S-LCA). The life cycle working environment (LCWE) method offers one option to include social impacts in LCA. This paper aims at creating a LCWE procedure for company purposes. Automation technology components serve as a case study. Methods: LCWE helps to assess the social impact on humans along a products life cycle based on statistical data and the possibility to integrate primary data. The methods focus is on working conditions in upstream and manufacturing activities. LCWE is based on the energy and material flows used in LCA study's. The results of the method are social profiles of single processes or products. The allocation to social profiles is performed through shares of value-added costs within the life cycle processes of a product. Results and discussion: First, a procedure that enables the integration of the LCWE method into companies is presented. Within the procedure, it is possible to integrate corporate data as well as companies aims. The results of the process assessment are categorized by a traffic light function, so that decision makers within the company will be able to integrate the results into their department and improve the processes they are responsible for.
  • Publication
    LCA of buildings in Germany: Proposal for a future benchmark based on existing databases
    ( 2019)
    Schlegl, Friederike
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    Gantner, Johannes
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    Traunspurger, René
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    Albrecht, Stefan orcid-logo
    ;
    Leistner, Philip
    The evaluation of environmental aspects in the early planning phase of buildings can support the reduction of the resource use and environmental impacts associated with the building sector over the whole building life-cycle. The integration of life cycle assessment (LCA) benchmarks in the planning phase is one potential measure. To derive these benchmarks a large database of existing building assessment is essential. Potential data input is available from the German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB), as it certifies more than 200 buildings annually and the certification includes a mandatory LCA. In this study, the current submission files and database of the DGNB are assessed and critically reviewed with regard to their usability for automated LCA benchmarks. First, a harmonized database is created from the large number of assessed buildings. Second, the data is examined for its suitability for benchmarking with regard to data format, structure and level of detail. The data that were declared fit for purpose were used to create an exemplary, harmonized data set with 22 office buildings. The evaluation of these data for various environmental indicators of the individual life-cycle phases shows their respective relevance and can thus serve as a benchmark. Another focus is to encourage improvement of the additional documentation like the energy source required for better benchmarking, interpretation of results and auditing of the LCA rules for building certification. The results of this study highlight the opportunities and challenges in the development of a database for benchmarking. Before long-term LCA benchmarks can be developed and deployed, a standardized and uniform submission format of results, that is indifferent regarding the used LCA software, needs to be developed. In the future the submission process should be extended by an automated quality assurance to prevent restraints from low data quality and data gaps that otherwise have to be detected manually.
  • Publication
    Bauphysikalische und ökologische Bewertung adaptiver Fassadenkonstruktionen auf Raumebene
    ( 2019)
    Harder, Nadine
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    Schlegl, Friederike
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    Flemming, Daniela
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    Bari, Roberta di
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    Albrecht, Stefan orcid-logo
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    Leistner, Philip
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    Park, Sumee
    Eine Antwort auf den großen und fortschreitenden Ressourcenverbrauch im Bauwesen können leichte und zugleich adaptive Lösungsansätze für Gebäudehüllen und -strukturen darstellen. Dazu müssen sie sowohl für schadensfreie Bauwerke mit passender Aufenthaltsqualität als auch für eine deutlich höhere Ressourceneffizienz sorgen. Beides gilt für den gesamten Lebensweg und trotz der für die Adaptivität benötigen zusätzlichen Betriebsenergie. Im Rahmen einer vorangegangenen Untersuchung adaptiver Leichtbaukonstruktionen für Fassaden wurde die bauphysikalische Funktionalität und Umweltwirkung einiger Beispiele auf Bauteilebene behandelt. Im hier vorliegenden Beitrag wird nun der Betrachtungshorizont auf die Raumebene erweitert, um z. B. neben Kennwerten für Wärme- und Feuchteschutz der Hülle auch die Behaglichkeit im Raum als Bewertungsmaßstab heranzuziehen. Natürlich erhöhen sich damit der Aufwand und die Komplexität der Bilanz, dafür lässt sich aber fundierter das Anwendungspotenzial adaptiver Alternativen einschätzen und über deren Weiterverfolgung entscheiden. Dazu werden drei herkömmliche, teils massive und teils leichte Konstruktionen, sowie vergleichbare adaptive Fassaden auf Raumebene untersucht und bewertet. Als wesentliche Bewertungskriterien gelten dabei quantitative Aussagen zur Erfüllung bauphysikalischer Anforderungen und zu ökologischen Umweltwirkungen. Im Ergebnis der methodenübergreifenden Forschung zeigt sich, dass adaptive Konstruktionen fallspezifisch, z. B. standortbezogen, beachtliches Potenzial zur Ressourcenreduktion ohne Funktionseinschränkungen mit sich bringen.
  • Publication
    Integration of LCA in the planning phases of adaptive buildings
    ( 2019)
    Schlegl, Friederike
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    Honold, Clemens
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    Leistner, Sophia
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    Albrecht, Stefan orcid-logo
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    Roth, Daniel
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    Haase, Walter
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    Leistner, Philip
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    Binz, Hansgeorg
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    Sobek, W.
    The high consumption of resources in the building industry requires a significant reduction of material in buildings and consequently a reduction of emissions over all phases of the life cycle. This is the aim of the Collaborative Research Centre 1244 Adaptive Skins and Structures for the Built Environment of Tomorrow, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), which addresses research on the development and integration of adaptive systems in building structures and skins. New approaches in building planning are required for the implementation of adaptive buildings. Therefore, a multidisciplinary team from various fields such as architecture, civil and mechanical engineering, and system dynamics is necessary. The environmental impacts of the whole life cycle have to be considered for an integral planning process for adaptive buildings right from the beginning. For the integration of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), four temporal and content-related interfaces were identified in the planning process. Inputs and outputs of the LCA were defined for the relevant planning stages in order to enable the greatest possible benefit for the planners and to minimize the environmental impacts as far as possible. The result of the research work is a methodology that can be used in the future to reduce life cycle-related environmental impacts in the planning process of adaptive buildings (ReAdapt).
  • Publication
    Bauphysikalische und ökologische Potenziale von adaptiven Leichtbaukonstruktionen
    ( 2018)
    Harder, Nadine
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    Schlegl, Friederike
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    Albrecht, Stefan orcid-logo
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    Park, Sumee
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    Leistner, Philip
    Die zunehmende Inanspruchnahme von Ressourcen und die damit einhergehenden Umweltauswirkungen rücken im Bauwesen immer weiter in Vordergrund. Derzeit sind die beiden Disziplinen für etwa 60 % des Ressourcenverbrauchs sowie für etwa 35 % des Energieverbrauchs verantwortlich [1, 2]. Dieser Anteil könnte noch steigen, wenn alle Bauten eine konventionelle Weise verlangen, da die Weltbevölkerung weiter zunimmt. Prognosen gehen von einem Anstieg der Weltbevölkerung bis 2100 von derzeit knapp 7,5 Milliarden auf etwa 11,2 Milliarden Menschen aus [3]. Um der wachsenden Weltbevölkerung sowie der großen Ressourceninanspruchnahme gerecht zu werden, sind innovative, ressourcensparende Leichtbaukonstruktionen unumgänglich. Aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten erweitern das Spektrum hin zu adaptiven Leichtbaukonstruktionen, die es erlauben, bauphysikalische Eigenschaften gezielt anzupassen, um letztlich den extensiven Baustoffeinsatz zu reduzieren. Zur Quantifizierung und Verifizierung der damit verbundenen Potenziale in puncto Nachhaltigkeit wurden die Einflüsse der Adaptivität von Leichtbaukonstruktionen auf deren bauphysikalisches Verhalten sowie deren Ökobilanz erfasst und beschrieben.