Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Dörr, Jörg

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  • Publication
    Enabling Users to Specify Correct Privacy Requirements
    ( 2019)
    Rudolph, Manuel
    ;
    Polst, Svenja
    ;
    Dörr, Jörg
    Privacy becomes more and more important for users of digital services. Recent studies show that users are concerned about having too little control over their personal data. However, if users get more possibilities for self-determining the privacy effecting their personal data, it must be guaranteed that the resulting privacy requirements are correct. This means, they reflect the user's actual privacy demands. There exist multiple approaches for specifying privacy requirements as an end user, which we call specification paradigms. We assume that a matching of specification paradigms to users based on empirical data can positively influence the objective and perceived correctness. We use the user type model by Dupree, which categorizes users by their motivation and knowledge. We experimentally determined the best match of user types and paradigms. We show that participants with less knowledge and motivation make more mistakes and that a strong limitation of selection options increases objective and perceived correctness of the specified privacy requirements.
  • Publication
    Reprogramming Low-end IoT Devices from the Cloud
    ( 2019)
    Baccelli, Emmanuel
    ;
    Dörr, Jörg
    ;
    Jallouli, Ons
    ;
    Kikuchi, Shinji
    ;
    Morgenstern, Andreas
    ;
    Padilla, Francisco Acosta
    ;
    Schleiser, Kaspar
    ;
    Thomas, Ian
    The Internet of Things (IoT) consists in a variety of smart connected objects, among which a category of low-end devices based on micro-controllers. The orchestration of low-end IoT devices is not straightforward because of the lack of generic and holistic solutions articulating cloud-based tools on one hand, and low-end IoT device software on the other hand. In this paper, we describe such a solution, combining a cloud-based IDE, graphical programming, and automatic JavaScript generation. Scripts are pushed over the Internet and over-the-air for the last hop, updating runtime containers hosted on heterogeneous low-end IoT devices running RIOT. We demonstrate a prototype working on common off-the-shelf low-end IoT hardware with as little as 32kB of memory.
  • Publication
    Orchestration of IoT Device and Business Workflow Engine on Cloud
    ( 2019)
    Kikuchi, Shinji
    ;
    Thomas, Ian
    ;
    Jallouli, Ons
    ;
    Dörr, Jörg
    ;
    Morgenstern, Andreas
    ;
    Baccelli, Emmanuel
    ;
    Schleiser, Kaspar
    Along with increasing demands for IoT (Internet of Things) solutions for business digitalization, the capability of easy and quick installation of IoT service is highly demanded. To achieve this, we developed a prototype of cloud-IoT orchestration framework providing capabilities of registration of IoT device, business workflow editor and deployment of workflows to IoT device through wireless network. In this paper, we explain the architecture of our framework and demonstrate its capability through a use case scenario of intrusion detection.
  • Publication
    Towards Ubiquitous Requirements Engineering
    ( 2019)
    Villela, Karina
    ;
    Hess, Anne
    ;
    Koch, Matthias orcid-logo
    ;
    Falcão, Rodrigo
    ;
    Groen, Eduard C.
    ;
    Dörr, Jörg
    ;
    Valero, Carol
    ;
    Ebert, Achim
    We have perceived barriers that prevent requirements engineers from contributing properly to the development of the software systems that underpin the digital transformation. We have also realized that breaking down each of these barriers would contribute to requirements engineering (RE) becoming ubiquitous in certain dimensions. In this paper, we point out the transformation that is required to break down each barrier and briefly discuss each dimension of ubiquity. Our goal is to raise the interest of the research community in providing approaches to address the barriers and move towards ubiquitous RE.
  • Publication
    Requirements Engineering for Innovative Software Ecosystems: A Research Preview
    ( 2019)
    Villela, Karina
    ;
    Kedlaya, Shashank
    ;
    Dörr, Jörg
    [Context and motivation] In order to stay competitive in the Digital Transformation era, many organizations are engaging in innovative software ecosystems (SES). However, there is a lack of specific methods for tackling SES engineering challenges. [Question/problem] This paper presents a Requirements Engineering (RE) decision framework and a process for guiding key SES partners in the process of shaping their SES. [Principal ideas/results] Both the framework and the process build upon the results of a literature review and interviews with practitioners, and have undergone a preliminary qualitative evaluation. [Contribution] The systematic approach for shaping SES together with an explicit and clear definition of its application context will enable practitioners and researchers to apply it and/or translate it to other application contexts.
  • Publication
    Focusing Requirements Elicitation by Using a UX Measurement Method
    ( 2018)
    Ohashi, Kyoko
    ;
    Katayama, Asako
    ;
    Hasegawa, Naoki
    ;
    Kurihara, Hidetoshi
    ;
    Yamamoto, Rieko
    ;
    Dörr, Jörg
    ;
    Magin, Dominik Pascal
    Many User Experience (UX) activities are carried out during requirements engineering phases, e.g. understanding and assessing the UX of existing systems, and eliciting functional and non-functional requirements that improve UX. These activities are typically performed by requirements engineers who are non-UX experts. It is necessary to provide a good UX in order to ensure long-term motivation of users, especially in business applications. UX has various characteristics of differing importance; it can be difficult for RE engineers to grasp all characteristics of UX and to judge which characteristics are important and which need to be improved. We propose a two-step approach to solve these difficulties. The first step is the definition of a UX quality model and corresponding metrics. We propose an approach to calculate the UX score of a business application using the value of these metrics. The second step is a process to identify insufficient characteristics within the calculated UX score. In this paper we present the aforementioned approach to collect and calculate the UX score of a product, show how to identify serious UX-related problems as part of requirements engineering activities, and present the results obtained from an initial validation of our quality model and related questionnaire. With our approach, we enable RE experts who are non-UX experts to find the necessary requirements to improve UX.
  • Publication
    Kein Bock auf Workshop? - Es geht auch "undercover"
    ( 2018)
    Hess, Anne
    ;
    Magin, Dominik Pascal
    ;
    Koch, Matthias orcid-logo
    ;
    Dörr, Jörg
    Die Durchführung erfolgreicher offener Workshops bedarf einer intensiven und sorgfältigen Vorbereitung und Organisation. Umso enttäuschender ist es, wenn am Ende fast niemand kommt. Diese leidvolle Erfahrung mussten wir in der Vergangenheit im Rahmen unserer Living Lab Aktivitäten in den ""Digitalen Dörfern machen. So haben wir mit Hilfe eines Klassifikationsschemas für Living Lab Aktivitäten innovative Ideen für die Durchführung von ""undercover""-Aktivitäten erarbeitet. Eine zentrale Eigenschaft dieser Aktivitäten ist es, dass sie sich leicht in den Alltag von Nutzern integrieren lassen oder sogar so durchgeführt werden können, dass die Nutzer gar nicht bemerken, dass sie gerade an einer ""Workshopaktivität"" teilnehmen. Das Klassifikationsschema und Vorgehen lässt sich sicherlich gut in andere Projektkontexte übertragen, so dass dieser Beitrag auch als Inspiriationsquelle für andere dienen kann, die sich mit der Problematik konfrontiert sehen.
  • Publication
    Scripting Over-The-Air
    ( 2018)
    Baccelli, Emmanuel
    ;
    Dörr, Jörg
    ;
    Kikuchi, Shinji
    ;
    Padilla, Francisco Acosta
    ;
    Schleiser, Kaspar
    ;
    Thomas, Ian
    The Internet of Things (IoT) connects a variety of small devices, via gateways, to the cloud. Use-cases often require IoT devices to run logic that is not pre-determined before deployment, and that must be updated during the life-time of the device. In this paper, we explore the potential of over-the-air scripting and updatable runtime containers hosting application logic on heterogeneous low-end IoT devices. Based on RIOT and Javascript, we provide a proof-of-concept implementation of this approach for a building automation IoT scenario. A preliminary evaluation shows our prototype runs on common off-the-shelf low-end IoT hardware with as little as 32kB of memory.
  • Publication
    Towards Ubiquitous RE: A Perspective on Requirements Engineering in the Era of Digital Transformation
    ( 2018)
    Villela, Karina
    ;
    Hess, Anne
    ;
    Koch, Matthias orcid-logo
    ;
    Falcao, Rodrigo
    ;
    Groen, Eduard C.
    ;
    Dörr, Jörg
    ;
    Valero, Carol Naranjo
    ;
    Ebert, Achim
    We are now living in the era of digital transformation: Innovative and digital business models are transforming the global business world and society. However, the authors of this paper have perceived barriers that prevent requirements engineers from contributing properly to the development of the software systems that underpin the digital transformation. We also realized that breaking down each of these barriers would contribute to requirements engineering (RE) becoming ubiquitous in certain dimensions: RE everywhere, with everyone, for everything, automated, accepting openness, and cross-domain. In this paper, we analyze each dimension of ubiquity in the scope of the interaction between requirements engineers and end users. In particular, we point out the transformation that is required to break down each barrier, present the perspective of the scientific community and our own practical perspective, and discuss our vision on how to achieve this dimension of ubiquity. Our goal is to raise the interest of the research community in providing approaches to address the barriers and move towards ubiquitous RE.
  • Publication
    RE and Society: A Perspective on RE in Times of Smart Cities and Smart Rural Areas
    ( 2018)
    Dörr, Jörg
    ;
    Hess, Anne
    ;
    Koch, Matthias orcid-logo
    Our requirements engineering (RE) community has known for decades that the success or failure of RE methods heavily depends on the context in which they are applied. Thus, many experiences have been gained and shared in the community that reflect which RE methods are suitable for a specific context, such as embedded systems development (e.g., automotive or military domain) or information systems development (e.g., banking or flight control domain). Nowadays, in times of smart cities and their counterpart smart rural areas, where newly introduced IT systems have a strong effect on our society, a new and challenging context arises for RE, which opens up new research questions. As a contribution to this situation and to foster discussions in our community about whether our RE methods are appropriate in this new "social context", this perspective paper reflects on the state of the art and on our own experiences in applying RE in the context of smart rural areas. These results might also pertain in the context of smart cities that pose similar challenges to RE. In addition, we present a framework comprising both an initial classification of social contexts, particularly their end users, and a classification for RE methods. Example usage scenarios illustrate how this framework helps to reflect on the suitability of our RE methods, and, if necessary, provides the basis for adapting them or creating new ones. Finally, we outline a roadmap with research questions and related activities with which we want to encourage our community to perform the proposed research activities in order to enrich our body of experiences and adapt our methods to this highly relevant context.