Dr.-Ing.

Schneider, Daniel

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  • Publication
    Runtime safety assurance for adaptive cyber-physical systems: ConSerts M and ontology-based runtime reconfiguration applied to an automotive case study
    ( 2018)
    Amorim, Tiago Luiz Buarque de
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    Ratasich, Denise
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    Macher, Georg
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    Ruiz, Alejandra
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    Schneider, Daniel
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    Driussi, Mario
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    Grosu, Radu
    Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) provide their functionality by the interaction of various subsystems. CPS usually operate in uncertain environments and are often safety-critical. The constituent systems are developed by different stakeholders, who - in most cases - cannot fully know the composing parts at development time. Furthermore, a CPS may reconfigure itself during runtime, for instance in order to adapt to current needs or to handle failures. The information needed for safety assurance is only available at composition or reconfiguration time. To tackle this assurance issue, the authors propose a set of contracts to describe components' safety attributes. The contracts are used to verify the safety robustness of the parts and build a safety case at runtime. The approach is applied to a use case in the automotive domain to illustrate the concepts. In particular, the authors demonstrate safety assurance at upgrade and reconfiguration on the example of ontology-based runtime reconfiguration (ORR). ORR substitutes a failed service by exploiting the implicit redundancy of a system.
  • Publication
    Using models at runtime to address assurance for self-adaptive systems
    ( 2014)
    Cheng, Betty
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    Eder, Kerstin I.
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    Gogolla, Martin
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    Grunske, Lars
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    Litoiu, Marin
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    Müller, Hausi A.
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    Pelliccione, Patrizio
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    Perini, Anna
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    Qureshi, Nauman A.
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    Rumpe, Bernhard
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    Schneider, Daniel
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    Trollmann, Frank
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    Villegas, Norha M.
    A self-adaptive software system modifies its behavior at runtime in response to changes within the system or in its execution environment. The fulfillment of the system requirements needs to be guaranteed even in the presence of adverse conditions and adaptations. Thus, a key challenge for self-adaptive software systems is assurance. Traditionally, confidence in the correctness of a system is gained through a variety of activities and processes performed at development time, such as design analysis and testing. In the presence of self-adaptation, however, some of the assurance tasks may need to be performed at runtime. This need calls for the development of techniques that enable continuous assurance throughout the software life cycle. Fundamental to the development of runtime assurance techniques is research into the use of models at runtime (M@RT). This chapter explores the state of the art for using M@RT to address the assurance of self-adaptive software systems. It defines what information can be captured by M@RT, specifically for the purpose of assurance, and puts this definition into the context of existing work. We then outline key research challenges for assurance at runtime and characterize assurance methods. The chapter concludes with an exploration of selected application areas where M@RT could provide significant benefits beyond existing assurance techniques for adaptive systems.
  • Publication
    Safety assurance of open adaptive systems - a survey
    ( 2014)
    Trapp, Mario
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    Schneider, Daniel
    Open adaptive systems are the basis for a promising new generation of embedded systems with huge economic potential. In many application domains, however, the systems are safety-critical and an appropriate safety assurance approach is still missing. In recent years, models at runtime have emerged as a promising way to systematically engineer adaptive systems. This approach seems to provide the indispensable leverage for applying safety assurance techniques in adaptive systems. Therefore, this survey analyzes the state-of-the-art of models at runtime from a safety engineering point of view in order to assess the potential of this approach and to identify open gaps that have to be closed in future research to yield a safety assurance approach for open adaptive systems.
  • Publication
    A safety roadmap to cyber-physical systems
    ( 2013)
    Trapp, Mario
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    Schneider, Daniel
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    Liggesmeyer, Peter
    In recent years, the term cyber-physical systems has emerged to characterize a new generation of embedded systems. In cyber-physical systems, embedded systems will be open in the sense that they will dynamically interconnect with other systems and will be able to dynamically adapt to changing runtime contexts. Such open adaptive systems provide a huge potential for society and for the economy. On the other hand, however, openness and adaptivity make it hard or even impossible for developers to predict a system's dynamic structure and behavior. This impedes the assurance of important system quality properties, especially safety and reliability. Safety assurance of cyber-physical systems will therefore be both one of the most urgent and one of the most challenging research questions of the next decade. This chapter analyzes the state of the art in order to identify open gaps and suggests a runtime safety assurance framework for cyber-physical systems to structure ongoing and future research activities.