Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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Utilizing Flexibility Potentials in Local Energy Systems

2023 , Bender, Tom , Flemming, Sebastian , Surmann, Arne , Pelka, Sabine , Martin, Arne , Klaiber, Stefan , Kühnbach, Matthias

In this paper, potentials and possible effects of utilizing flexibility in local energy systems are examined on the basis of a real residential district in Bochum, Germany. The district provides heat pumps, heat storages, battery storages (in combination with a photovoltaic system) and charging points for electric vehicles as possible flexibility options. Based on the installed plant technology and the cross-sectoral energy requirements of the district, various scenarios were developed that differ in terms of possible operation management approaches and flexibility use. These scenarios include a non-managed district operation, a rule-based district operation, and a cross-sectoral optimization of the district energy system with the goal of maximizing the self-consumption of renewable energy. For more detailed considerations, additional sub-scenarios were defined which, for example, represent the possibility of a grid-compatible operation. To compare the different scenarios, the district energy system was implemented in a model and simulated for the representative period of one calendar year. The simulations were evaluated by using several key performance indicators (KPIs), such as CO2 reduction, renewable energy self-consumption ratio, or renewable energy self-supply ratio.

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Short term policy strategies and long term targets: The case of the German building sector

2014 , Kranzl, Lukas , Bürger, Veit , Henning, Hans-Martin , Hummel, Marcus , Kockat, Judit , Müller, Andreas , Palzer, Andreas , Steinbach, Jan

The German government set targets for the reduction of heating energy demand in buildings (-20% of space heating energy need 2008-2020) as well as for the share of renewables in the overall heatsector (14% by 2020). In addition, long-term visions up to 2050 exist. The research questions of this paper are: (1) How can different policies affect space heating and hot water energy demand in Germany by 2020? (2) To which extent are these short-term policy interventions consistent with longterm targets? We use Invert/EE-Lab for modelling the German residential and non-residential building sector. The model takes into account barriers and investment decision patterns for the uptake of renovation measures and the investment in different types of heating, hot water and cooling technologies. More than 60 short-term scenarios until 2020 are simulated with different policy design options and energy price levels. They serve as a starting point for simulating a smaller number of scenarios until 2050. The short-term scenarios show that with ambitious policy design final energy demand in the German building sector for heating, hot water and cooling could decrease by about 16% from 2008 until 2020 (i.e. below 680 TWh in 2020 compared to 808 TWh in 2008), GHG emissions could decrease by more than 50% and the renewable share could more than double. Though, this may seem promising, the long-term scenarios indicate that most of the short-term scenarios do not prepare the ground for really ambitious energy efficiency and climate mitigation targets of the building sector in 2050.

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Interaction of energy storage technologies and synthetic fuels in long-term decarbonization scenarios

2021 , Böttger, Diana , Kost, Christoph , Wrede, Daniel , Lux, Benjamin , Fleiter, Tobias , Pfluger, Benjamin , Heilig, Judith , Gerhardt, Norman , Haendel, Michael

With the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, the international community has reaffirmed its commitment to tackle anthropogenic climate change with the goal of limiting the global average temperature increase below 1.5 °C, but to a maximum of 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Against this background, we examine scenarios for a complete decarbonisation of the European energy supply. Since such scenarios are based on a high expansion of weather-dependent renewable energy sources, the question arises, which flexible technologies are necessary to balance supply and demand in such energy systems. In this paper, a scenario analysis shows which capacity or volume of energy storage, power interconnectors and synthetic fuels are needed in decarbonization scenarios. To address this research question three different energy system models are applied. These models cover Europe and Germany, respectively, and are able to explain different results of the single models based of the corresponding model characteristics. The paper concludes that the power sector is able to cover a considerable share of the energy demand in the heat and transport sector with the help of flexible sector coupling technologies such as heat pumps and electric mobility. All considered models manage to find solutions for a deep decarbonization if flexibility and storage option are available.

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"SuperGrid" - Das europäisch-nordafrikanische HGÜ-Overlay-Netz der Zukunft

2013 , Bohn, Sven , Boie, Inga , Kost, Christoph , Agsten, Michael , Westermann, Dirk

Die Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien (EE) wie Sonne, Wind und Wasser ist ein weltweit wachsender Zukunftsmarkt. Sie dient dem Klimaschutz und kann dem Schwinden fossiler Ressourcen entgegenwirken. Dem gegenüber stellt die zunehmende Einspeisung EE jedoch hohe Anforderungen an den Transport und die Verteilung des Stromes durch die Volatilität der EE. Einspeisung, Transport und Verteilung des Stromes gewinnen somit immer mehr an Bedeutung und erfordern einen Ausbau der Stromnetze. Darüber hinaus kommt künftig den Regionen mit einer hohen Verfügbarkeit an EE eine große Rolle zu. Im Rahmen verschiedener Projekte wird evaluiert inwiefern erzeugter Strom aus EE aus z. B. den Regionen Nordafrikas (NA) in die Wirtschaftszentren Süd- und Mitteleuropas transportiert werden kann. In der vorliegenden Veröffentlichung werden die Ergebnisse einer Studie zur Entwicklung des nordafrikanisch-europäischen Stromaustauschs dargestellt. Dabei werden mögliche Entwicklungen für die Stromerzeugung in NA und dem -export nach Europa ermittelt, gegenwärtige Gegebenheiten der Übertragungsnetze analysiert und die Notwendigkeit, Struktur und Art eines überlagernden Netzes bewertet. Angesichts der großen zu übertragenden Leistungen und zu überwindenden Distanzen, sowie anderer technischer Rahmenbedingungen, kommt nach heutigem Stand der Technik lediglich eine Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom-Übertragung (HGÜ) in Betracht. Auf Grund der erzielten Ergebnisse zum Elektrizitätstransport wird das dafür benötigte HGÜ-Netz vorgestellt und die Ausprägung der Stromerzeugung und Netzinfrastruktur in NA detailliert.

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Low-Carbon-Industrie: Elektrifizierung und geschlossene Kohlenstoffkreisläufe

2018 , Schneider, Clemens , Lechtenböhmer, Stefan , Bauer, Thomas , Nitz, Peter , Hettesheimer, Tim , Wietschel, Martin , Meulenberg, Wilhelm , Gurtner, Richard

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Does smart metering reduce residential electricity demand?

2012 , Schleich, Joachim , Klobasa, Marian , Gölz, Sebastian

This paper analyzes the effects of providing feedback on electricity consumption in a field trial with more than 1500 households in Linz, Austria. Participation in the pilot group was random, but households could choose between two feedback types: access to a web portal or written feedback by post. Results from cross section OLS regression suggest that feedback provided to the pilot group results in electricity savings of around 4.5 % for the average household. Results from quantile regressions imply that for households in the 30th to the 70th percentile, feedback on electricity consumption is statistically significant and effects are highest in absolute terms and as a share of electricity consumption. For percentiles below or above this range, feedback appears to have no effect. Finally, controlling for a potential endogeneity bias induced by non random participation in the feedback type groups, we find no difference in the effects of feedback provided via the web port al and by post.

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