Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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Potenziale von Stellplätzen an Wohn- und Nichtwohngebäuden zur Bereitstellung privater Ladeinfrastruktur

2024-02-15 , Kühnbach, Matthias , Plötz, Patrick , Stephan, Annegret , Kähler, Janis , Surmann, Arne , Biener, Wolfgang , John, Robert

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Implications of hydrogen import prices for the German energy system in a model-comparison experiment

2024 , Schmitz, Richard , Brandes, Julian , Nolte, Hannah , Kost, Christoph , Lux, Benjamin , Haendel, Michael , Held, Anne

With its ability to store and transport energy without releasing greenhouse gases, hydrogen is considered an important driver for the decarbonisation of energy systems. As future hydrogen import prices from global markets are subject to large uncertainties, it is unclear what impact different hydrogen and derivative import prices will have on the future German energy system. To answer that research question, this paper explores the impact of three different import price scenarios for hydrogen and its derivatives on the German energy system in a climate-neutral setting for Europe in 2045 using three different energy system models. The analysis shows that the quantities of electricity generated as well as the installed capacities for electricity generation and electrolysis increase as the hydrogen import price rises. However, the resulting differences between the import price scenarios vary across the models. The results further indicate that domestic German (and European) hydrogen production is often cost-efficient.

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Study on Energy Storage

2023 , Hoogland, Onne , Fluri, Verena , Kost, Christoph , Klobasa, Marian , Kühnbach, Matthias , Khanra, Manish , Antretter, Michelle , Koornneef, Joris , Weijde, Harry van der , Satish, Aravind , Battistutta, Elisa , Veum, Karina , Gorenstein Dedecca, João , Doorman, Anniek , Nuffel, Luc van , Cerny, Ondrej , Breitschopf, Barbara , Herbst, Andrea

Flexibility of energy supply and demand becomes increasingly important with increasing shares of intermittent renewable electricity generation. Energy storage is one of the candidates to provide the required flexibility to the electricity system. Against this background, the Energy Transition Ex-pertise Centre was asked to deliver a study on energy storage to improve the understanding of energy storage technologies, their business case, and best practices for enabling the development of energy storage capacities.

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Stellungnahme zum Entwurf des Klimaschutzprogramms 2023

2023 , Henning, Hans-Martin , Knopf, Brigitte , Bettzüge, Marc O. , Heimer, Thomas , Schlomann, Barbara

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European Hydrogen Infrastructure Planning

2024 , Alibas, Sirin , Ausfelder, Florian , Ditz, Daniel , Ebner, Michael , Engwerth, Veronika , Fleiter, Tobias , Fragoso García, Joshua , Genge, Lucien , Greitzer, Maria , Haas, Sofia , Haendel, Michael , Hank, Christoph , Hauser, Philipp , Heneka, Maximilian , Heineken, Wolfram , Hildebrand, Jan , Isik, Volkan , Köppel, Wolfgang , Harper, Ryan , Jahn, Matthias , Klaassen, Bernhard , Kneiske, Tanja Manuela , Malzkuhn, Sabine , Kuzyaka, Berkan , Mielich, Tim , Lux, Benjamin , Maghnam, Ammar , Müsgens, Felix , Mendler, Friedrich , Pleier, Amanda , Müller-Kirchenbauer, Joachim , Isbert, Anne-Marie , Ruprecht, David , Sadat-Razavi, Pantea , Neuner, Felix , Pfluger, Benjamin , Mohr, Stephan , Ragwitz, Mario , Scheffler, Marcel , Solomon, Mithran Daniel , Voglstätter, Christopher , Weißenburger, Bastian , Ausfelder, Florian , Ragwitz, Mario , Förster, My Yen , Nolden, Christoph

The white paper was developed by a selected authorship of the TransHyDE Project System Analysis. The contents of the TransHyDE publications are produced in the project independently of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

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Fortschrittsbericht zur Digitalisierung des Energiesystems

2024 , Bergsträßer, Jonathan , Berkhout, Volker , Klaiber, Stefan , Klobasa, Marian , Kohrs, Robert , Linnartz, Philipp , Naumann, Steffi , Nicolai, Steffen , Schmidt, Dietrich , Welisch, Marijke , Wende-von Berg, Sebastian , Wickert, Manuel , Wille-Haußmann, Bernhard

Die Digitalisierung ist ein hochgradig relevanter Schlüsselprozess für die Energiesystemtransformation - Details dazu hat der Fraunhofer Exzellenzcluster CINES im Jahr 2022 erforscht und in 14 Thesen zusammengefasst. In 2023 wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit Praxispartner:innen aus der Energiewirtschaft politische und regulatorischen Änderungen in der digitalen Energiewirtschaft analysiert und ausgewertet. Der Fortschrittsbericht zeigt die Fortschritte der Digitalisierung auf und erörtert Handlungsbedarfe und Weiterentwicklungspotenziale. Wichtige Erkenntnisse sind: Positive Fortschritte gibt es u.a. durch gesetzliche und regulatorische Neuerungen wie beispielsweise beim §14a EnWG oder dem Gesetz zum Neustart der Digitalisierung der Energiewende (GNDEW). Es mangelt an einem integrativen Zielbild - ein solches kann für mehr Klarheit und Orientierung bei der Digitalisierung des Energiesystems in Deutschland und Europa sorgen. Um Lücken, Handlungsbedarfe und positiven Fortschritt besser zu erkennen, erfordert es ein gemeinsames Verständnis für die Orientierung und Ausrichtung auf die Digitalisierung. Dafür ist es unter anderem notwendig ein handlungsanleitendes Zukunftsbild zu schaffen, die kommunikative Übersetzung und die Verständlichkeit von regulatorischen Änderungen zu verbessern, Kompetenzen für technologische Lösungen, bspw. für notwendige Cyberresilienz und kritischen Infrastrukturen, aufzubauen und Investitionen zu tätigen, um mehr finanzielle Mittel für die Digitalisierung der Energiesystemtransformation zur Verfügung zu haben.

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Schlussbericht zum Projekt "Ressourcenbedarf für die Energiewende: Interdisziplinäre Bewertung von Szenarien für die Bereitstellung von Strom und Wärme"

2023 , Tercero Espinoza, Luis Alberto , Loibl, Antonia , Gervais, Estelle

The InteRessE project aimed to conduct an interdisciplinary assessment of the resource requirements for the energy transition in Germany. Different scenarios were examined with regard to their resource requirements up to 2050 and their economic, ecological and social opportunities and risks. The assessment was carried out considering technologies and components for the provision, transmission and storage of electricity and heat including the building sector and for the reduction of energy demand in the building sector. The core results from the work at Fraunhofer were: - a broad and detailed consideration of the raw material requirements for the technologies of the energy transition, incl. anticipated developments in the area of efficiency and material substitution measures until 2050 - construction of a systematic database of current and future raw material requirements by technology and raw material - design and implementation of a model that calculates raw material requirements, linked environmental impacts and recycling potentials of transformation pathways of the German energy system, enabling detailed analyses from different perspectives. The modelling results complement those of the energy system analysis by including the upstream chains of the necessary technologies in terms of their raw material requirements and associated environmental impacts. This makes shifts in emissions abroad become visible and quantified. However, the share of raw material requirements and environmental impacts for the import of CO2-neutral energy sources is not included. Overall, the scenario with far-reaching energy-saving and renovation measures shows the lowest demand for raw materials and the lowest dependence on third countries.

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To charge or not to charge? Using Prospect Theory to model the tradeoffs of electric vehicle users

2024 , Pelka, Sabine , Bosch, Antonia , Chappin, Emile J.L. , Liesenhoff, Fabian , Kühnbach, Matthias , Vries, Laurens J. de

Electric vehicle (EV) users who aim to become flexibility providers face a tradeoff between staying in control of charging and minimizing their electricity costs. The common practice is to charge immediately after plugging in and use more electricity than necessary. Changing this can increase the EV's flexibility potential and reduce electricity costs. Our extended electricity cost optimization model systematically examines how different changes to this practice influence electricity costs. Based on the Prospect Theory and substantiated by empirical data, it captures EV users' tradeoff between relinquishing control and reducing charging costs. Lowering the need to control charging results in disproportionally large savings in electricity costs. This finding incentivizes EV-users to relinquish even more control of charging. We analyzed changes to two charging settings that express the need for control. We found that changing only one setting offsets the other and reduces its positive effect on cost savings. Behavioral aspects, such as rebound effects and inertia that are widely documented in the literature, support this finding and underline the fit of our model extension to capture different charging behaviors. Our findings suggest that service providers should convince EV-users to relinquish control of both settings.

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Assessing the conditions for economic viability of dynamic electricity retail tariffs for households

2024 , Stute, Judith , Pelka, Sabine , Kühnbach, Matthias , Klobasa, Marian

The success of the energy transition relies on effectively utilizing flexibility in the power system. Dynamic tariffs are a highly discussed and promising innovation for incentivizing the use of residential flexibility. However, their full potential can only be realized if households achieve significant benefits. This paper specifically addresses this topic. We examine the leverage of household flexibility and the financial benefits of using dynamic tariffs, considering household heterogeneity, the costs of home energy management systems and smart meters, the impact of higher electricity prices and price spreads and the differences between types of prosumers. To comprehensively address this topic, we use the EVaTar-building model, a simulation framework that includes embedded optimization designed to simulate household electricity consumption patterns under the influence of a home energy management system or in response to dynamic tariffs. The study's main finding is that households can achieve significant cost savings and increase flexibility utilization by using a home energy management system and dynamic electricity tariffs, provided that electricity prices and price spreads reach higher levels. When comparing price levels in a low and high electricity price scenario, with an increase of the average electricity price by 15.2 €ct/kWh (67% higher than the average for the year 2019) and an increase of the price spread by 8.9 €ct/kWh (494% higher), the percentage of households achieving cost savings increases from 3.9% to 62.5%. Households with both an electric vehicle and a heat pump observed the highest cost benefits. Sufficiently high price incentives or sufficiently low costs for home energy management systems and metering point operation are required to enable households to mitigate rising electricity costs and ensure residential flexibility for the energy system through electric vehicles and heat pumps.

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Gesamtwirtschaftliche Wirkung der Energiewende. Modellbasierte Analyse möglicher Transformationspfade hin zu Klimaneutralität

2023 , Sievers, Luisa , Grimm, Anna , Siegle, Jonathan , Fahl, Ulrich , Kaiser, Markus , Pietzcker, Robert , Rehfeldt, Matthias

Die Energiemärkte sind seit Beginn des Angriffskriegs auf die Ukraine sehr angespannt. Gleichzeitig besteht mit Blick auf die notwendige Erreichung von Klimaneutralität bereits ein großer Transformationsbedarf mit potenziell großen ökonomischen Wirkungen. Um abzuschätzen, welche zusätzlichen ökonomischen Folgen der mittel- bis langfristige Wegfall Russlands als Lieferant fossiler Energieträger bei gleichzeitigem Festhalten an den Klimazielen hat, wird das Szenario Energiesouveränität mit dem Szenario Technologiemix verglichen.

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