Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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  • Publication
    #9_Wasserstoff im Untergrund speichern?
    ( 2024-03-25)
    Graf, Marieke Emilie Anna orcid-logo
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    Pieton, Natalia orcid-logo
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    Herbst, Andrea
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    Alms, Katharina orcid-logo
    Dr. Katharina Alms und Marieke Graf sind Wissenschaftlerinnen am Fraunhofer IEG. In dieser Folge erklären sie, auf welche Weise Wasserstoff im großen Maßstab gespeichert werden kann und welche Herausforderungen dabei bewältigt werden müssen. Katharina wirft einen genaueren Blick "unter die Erde" und zeigt die verschiedenen Speichertypen auf. Marieke erläutert den Einfluss der Speicher auf andere Infrastrukturen, wie Pipelines und Elektrolyseure.
  • Publication
    #8_Modellierung von erneuerbaren Energiesystemen
    ( 2024-01-29)
    Pieton, Natalia orcid-logo
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    Herbst, Andrea
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    Neumann, Fabian
    Fabian Neumann ist Wissenschaftler am Fachgebiet Digitaler Wandel in Energiesystemen an der Technischen Universität Berlin. In dieser Folge sprechen wir mit ihm darüber, wie erneuerbare Energiesysteme methodisch modelliert werden, welche Rolle Wasserstoff dabei spielt, und ob Energie eher in Form von Strom oder Wasserstoff transportiert werden sollte.
  • Publication
    European Hydrogen Infrastructure Planning
    ( 2024)
    Alibas, Sirin orcid-logo
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    Ausfelder, Florian
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    Ditz, Daniel
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    Ebner, Michael
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    Engwerth, Veronika
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    Fleiter, Tobias
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    Fragoso García, Joshua
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    Genge, Lucien
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    Greitzer, Maria
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    Haas, Sofia
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    Haendel, Michael
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    Hank, Christoph
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    Hauser, Philipp
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    Heneka, Maximilian
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    Heineken, Wolfram
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    Hildebrand, Jan
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    Isik, Volkan
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    Köppel, Wolfgang
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    Harper, Ryan
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    Jahn, Matthias
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    Klaassen, Bernhard
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    Kneiske, Tanja Manuela
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    Malzkuhn, Sabine
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    Kuzyaka, Berkan
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    Mielich, Tim
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    Lux, Benjamin orcid-logo
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    Maghnam, Ammar
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    Müsgens, Felix
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    Mendler, Friedrich
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    Pleier, Amanda
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    Müller-Kirchenbauer, Joachim
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    Isbert, Anne-Marie
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    Ruprecht, David
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    Sadat-Razavi, Pantea
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    Neuner, Felix
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    Pfluger, Benjamin
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    Mohr, Stephan
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    Ragwitz, Mario
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    Scheffler, Marcel
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    Solomon, Mithran Daniel
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    Voglstätter, Christopher
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    Weißenburger, Bastian orcid-logo
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    Ausfelder, Florian
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    Ragwitz, Mario
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    Förster, My Yen
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    Nolden, Christoph orcid-logo
    The white paper was developed by a selected authorship of the TransHyDE Project System Analysis. The contents of the TransHyDE publications are produced in the project independently of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
  • Publication
    The race between hydrogen and heat pumps for space and water heating: A model-based scenario analysis
    ( 2024)
    Billerbeck, Anna orcid-logo
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    Kiefer, Christoph P. orcid-logo
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    Winkler, Jenny
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    Bernath, Christiane orcid-logo
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    Sensfuß, Frank
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    Kranzl, Lukas
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    Müller, Andreas
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    Ragwitz, Mario
    This paper analyses different levels and means of the electrification of space and hot water heating using an explorative modelling approach. The analysis provides guidance to the ongoing discussion on favourable pathways for heating buildings and the role of secondary energy carriers such as hydrogen or synthetic fuels. In total, 12 different scenarios were modelled with decarbonisation pathways until 2050, which cover all 27 member states of the European Union. Two highly detailed optimisation models were combined to cover the building stock and the upstream energy supply sector. The analysis shows that decarbonisation pathways for space and water heating based on large shares of heat pumps have at least 11% lower system costs in 2050 than pathways with large shares of hydrogen or synthetic fuels. This translates into system cost savings of around €70 bn. Heat pumps are cost-efficient in decentralised systems and in centralised district heating systems. Hence, heat pumps should be the favoured option to achieve a cost-optimal solution for heating buildings. Accordingly, the paper makes a novel and significant contribution to understanding suitable and cost-efficient decarbonisation pathways for space and hot water heating via electrification. The results of the paper can provide robust guidance for policymakers.
  • Publication
    How do dynamic electricity tariffs and different grid charge designs interact? - Implications for residential consumers and grid reinforcement requirements
    ( 2024)
    Stute, Judith orcid-logo
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    Klobasa, Marian orcid-logo
    Dynamic electricity retail tariffs and different grid charge designs are discussed as key measures to support renewable energy integration. This article investigates the interplay between both, examining their impact on residential consumers regarding their economic savings and choice of retail tariff and on grid reinforcement requirements in low-voltage grids. We use a model-based approach for determining grid reinforcement requirements combined with an optimization model to assess residential consumer behavior towards different combinations of dynamic electricity retail tariffs and grid charge designs. We explore how these options influence the choice of households in Germany to invest in a home energy management system and to opt for a dynamic electricity retail tariff. Our findings show that with a grid charge design with capacity subscription, the share of households utilizing their flexibility and opting for a dynamic electricity retail tariff can be increased up to 74% (vs. 67% for a volumetric grid charge design). Furthermore, grid reinforcement costs can be reduced with a capacity subscription based grid charge design by 37% in rural low-voltage grids compared to the current grid charge design in Germany. This study offers novel perspectives on the interplay of dynamic electricity retail tariffs and grid charge designs, emphasizing the need for integrated policy approaches that allow residential consumers to benefit from reduced electricity costs while limiting grid reinforcement costs for distribution system operators.
  • Publication
    Was bewegt die regionalen Energieversorger? Eine Marktanalyse von Strom-, Gas- und Wärmenetzbetrieben
    ( 2024)
    Friedmann, Annabel
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    Oberle, Stella orcid-logo
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    Wietschel, Martin
    Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der aktuellen Marktsituation von Strom-, Gas- und Wärmenetzbetrieben. Mittels einer Umfrage unter 1.024 Netzbetrieben in Deutschland sowie insgesamt 11 Expert*inneninterviews zeigt die Studie neben den Synergien und Konkurrenzsituationen auch Chancen sowie Herausforderungen sowie unterschiedliche Organisationsstrukturen auf.
  • Publication
    Assessing the conditions for economic viability of dynamic electricity retail tariffs for households
    ( 2024)
    Stute, Judith orcid-logo
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    Pelka, Sabine orcid-logo
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    Kühnbach, Matthias orcid-logo
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    Klobasa, Marian orcid-logo
    The success of the energy transition relies on effectively utilizing flexibility in the power system. Dynamic tariffs are a highly discussed and promising innovation for incentivizing the use of residential flexibility. However, their full potential can only be realized if households achieve significant benefits. This paper specifically addresses this topic. We examine the leverage of household flexibility and the financial benefits of using dynamic tariffs, considering household heterogeneity, the costs of home energy management systems and smart meters, the impact of higher electricity prices and price spreads and the differences between types of prosumers. To comprehensively address this topic, we use the EVaTar-building model, a simulation framework that includes embedded optimization designed to simulate household electricity consumption patterns under the influence of a home energy management system or in response to dynamic tariffs. The study's main finding is that households can achieve significant cost savings and increase flexibility utilization by using a home energy management system and dynamic electricity tariffs, provided that electricity prices and price spreads reach higher levels. When comparing price levels in a low and high electricity price scenario, with an increase of the average electricity price by 15.2 €ct/kWh (67% higher than the average for the year 2019) and an increase of the price spread by 8.9 €ct/kWh (494% higher), the percentage of households achieving cost savings increases from 3.9% to 62.5%. Households with both an electric vehicle and a heat pump observed the highest cost benefits. Sufficiently high price incentives or sufficiently low costs for home energy management systems and metering point operation are required to enable households to mitigate rising electricity costs and ensure residential flexibility for the energy system through electric vehicles and heat pumps.
  • Publication
    Perception of district heating in Europe: A deep dive into influencing factors and the role of regulation
    ( 2024)
    Billerbeck, Anna orcid-logo
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    Breitschopf, Barbara orcid-logo
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    Preuß, Sabine orcid-logo
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    Winkler, Jenny
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    Ragwitz, Mario
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    Keles, Dogan
    To increase the deployment of district heating in line with European targets, there is a need to understand consumer perceptions and the role of regulations. Therefore, this paper focuses on consumer perceptions of district heating and analyses the influencing factors. The analysis uses data from an online survey with 4388 participants from nine European countries. In particular, the paper discusses the impact of socio-demographic factors, attitudes and regulations on the perception of district heating. Statistical analyses show that respondents from Denmark and Sweden have the most positive perception, while respondents from Lithuania and the Netherlands have a less positive perception of district heating. In addition, the results indicate that respondents from countries with no mandatory connection, liberalised price regulation and mainly public ownership seem to have a more positive perception of district heating, higher satisfaction when using district heating and a more positive rating of their heating price than those from countries with mandatory connection, regulated prices and a more mixed ownership structure. Overall, the paper provides a first overview of possible factors influencing the perception of district heating and indicates that the mix of appropriate regulations and, in particular, their combined impact, could play an important role in perception.
  • Publication
    Balancing the books: unveiling the direct impact of an integrated energy system model on industries, households and government revenues
    ( 2024)
    George, Jan Frederick orcid-logo
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    Marx, Alexander
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    Held, Anne
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    Winkler, Jenny
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    Bekk, Anke
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    Ragwitz, Mario
    Background: The transition towards a sustainable energy system is reshaping the demand for final energy, driven by the diffusion of new end-use technologies. This shift not only impacts consumers’ energy expenses, but also holds implications for the public budget. Building on data from a German energy transition scenario, we analyse the direct impact of energy costs on industries, low-income households, and changes in government revenues from the taxes and levies on final energy carriers. Our analysis considers the impact of current policies and explores a scenario introducing additional excise tax rates to offset potential revenue losses. Results: We found that substantial carbon price increases could generate revenues that offset the losses from excise taxes on fossil fuels while enabling the financing of renewable support from the public budget by the end of this decade. Nevertheless, a decline in government revenues from taxes and levies is anticipated after 2030 until the middle of the century due to the declining use of fossil fuels. Maintaining current excise tax revenues during the transition could be achieved by introducing additional excise taxes on fossil fuels and electricity. Lastly, our analysis indicated a continuous decline in household energy expenditures until 2050, whereas energy-intensive industries face adverse impacts due to decarbonisation. Conclusions: This research provides valuable insights into the fiscal implications of the energy transition, shedding light on different industrial sectors and households while considering the evolving impact on the public budget. Policymakers may need to consider systemic reforms or alternative financing mechanisms outside the energy system to balance the books.
  • Publication
    One service fits all? Insights on demand response dilemmas of differently equipped households in Germany
    ( 2024)
    Pelka, Sabine orcid-logo
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    Preuß, Sabine orcid-logo
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    Stute, Judith orcid-logo
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    Chappin, Emile
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    Vries, Laurens de
    Households equipped with flexible technologies, such as electric vehicles, can support the energy transition by shifting electricity consumption to times of high renewable supply and by preventing consumption peaks that cannot be covered by existing grid and generation infrastructure. Demand response services support households in performing these consumption shifts. Households ask for specifications of services that stand partly in contrast to each other. For instance, while electric vehicle owners tend to insist on retaining control over their charging, others prefer data-driven automation to minimize their active involvement. Recent studies exploring the acceptance of demand response services focused either solely on specific household groups (e.g. electric vehicle users) or on a broad representative sample without further differentiation. Complementarily to fill this gap, we examine differences in preferences for contrasting service designs between household groups. Specifically, we consider: (i) the type of flexible technology to which demand response is applied, and (ii) the adoption level, i.e., whether the households plan to, or currently own, a flexible technology. In a vignette survey, we examine the preferences towards four contrasting service designs with German households that either own or have expressed interest in acquiring a flexible technology (n = 962). Our results show that the preferences do not fundamentally differ between the kind of flexible technology and adoption level. Generally, participants prefer automated demand response services with data sharing. The added value of realizing energy cost savings effectively and efficiently stands out as the main driver for the diffusion of demand response services, outweighing data privacy concerns. Contrary to our expectations, electric vehicle owners did not show a special need for control and households not yet owning flexible technologies did not express a need for little effort. We discuss the implications of our findings for demand response service providers and outline pathways of future research in this domain.