1 - 7 of 7
-
PublicationSummary, conclusion and recommendations. The future European energy system( 2021)This chapter summarizes insights and measures to decarbonize the European energy system until the year 2050, as analyzed in the previous 15 chapters, and emphasizes the considerable efforts required to coordinate and govern the targeted energy transition. With increasing aspiration regarding the targeted climate policy the more marked are the required efforts. The reference scenario Mod-RES seems to be well achievable from today's perspective, while much more additional efforts have to be taken to achieve the more ambitious High-RES scenarios. However, even the High-RES scenarios are less aspiring compared to the aims defined in the European Green Deal. Finally, this chapter highlights conclusions and policy recommendations for a cross-sectoral decarbonization as well as for its resulting environmental, social and health impacts.
-
PublicationFuture energy demand developments and demand side flexibility in a decarbonized centralized energy system( 2021)
-
PublicationDemand side management in the services sector. Empirical study on four European countries( 2020)Demand side management (DSM) is seen as promising, cost-effective measure to cope with high shares of intermittent renewable energy in the electricty grid system. As the regulatory framework in Europe is changing in favour of opening up new market opportunities for such measures, it raises the question which DSM potentials are effectively available. Besides the DSM potential in the industry sector, which is already addressed in many countries, the information on the DSM potentials and market acceptance in the services and residential sector is scarce. In order to properly evaluate such potentials and their impact, quality data is of utmost importance to understand the barriers and drivers for the future market development. Therefore, an empirical study regarding the DSM potential in the services sector is conducted to collect firsthand data from potential DSM user. In this paper we present the findings of the empirical study, describing the results for the tertiary sector of the following European countries: the UK, Poland, Italy and Switzerland. Our study includes the subsectors retail, wholesale trading, hotels, restaurants, office-type companies (privately held), public administration, public companies and services. The collected data is important and highly necessary as it remains currently unknown which facilities have already been included in DSM-markets and what willingness or readiness is dormant in services companies, to govern over specific facilities. The data-set and the results of the study were collected within the EU REFLEX project [The project REFLEX has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 691685 and the Swiss State Secretary for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI)] and will be used as basis for further modelling exercises, to analyse and evaluate the development towards a low-carbon energy system with focus on flexibility options in the EU.
-
PublicationExperience curves in energy models - lessons learned from the REFLEX project( 2020)The consideration of technological learning in energy system models is of crucial importance as modeling future energy pathways across several sectors by considering cost developments influences model results significantly. Implementing experience curves in energy system models is one of few methods to consider the relation between cumulative installed capacity deployment and unit cost reductions of a technology. In this chapter the endogenous and exogenous approach of implementing technological learning in different energy system models are compared and analyzed in detail. Therefore the corresponding strengths and limitations of these approaches are encountered as well as possible solutions to overcome these constraints are estimated. To determine the influence of uncertainty in experience curves, sensitivity analyses with three different bottom-up models are conducted. The analysis of the literature and the lessons learned from the REFLEX project reveal that the endogenous approach is feasible, especially for top-down models but related to several challenges. Thus a balance between modeling accuracy and increasing complexity needs to be maintained while interpreting modeling results carefully.
-
PublicationCost-curves for heating and cooling demand reduction in residential buildings( 2019)
-
PublicationProfile of heating and cooling demand in 2015( 2017)
-
PublicationBenchmarking the EU reference scenario 2016: An alternative bottom-up analysis of long-term energy consumption in Europe( 2017)
