Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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#112 Stilllegung der Gasnetze jetzt? Die Rolle der Gasnetze im Energiesystem der Zukunft

2024-05-20 , Oberle, Stella , Wesche, Julius , Fritz, Markus

Was machen wir mit den Gasnetzen wenn alle Haushalte Wärmepumpen nutzen? Was können wir mit Gasnetzen machen, wenn sie nicht mehr gebraucht werden? Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Rückbau und Stilllegung? Antworten gibt es in dieser Folge des enPower Podcast von Dr. Stella Oberle. Stella ist Forscherin an der Fraunhofer Einrichtung für Enerieinfrastrukturen und Geothermie und hat zur Rolle der Gasverteilnetze im Energiesystem der Zukunft in Deutschland promoviert. In dieser Folge beantwortet sie die oben genannten Fragen und nimmt uns mit auf die Reise in die Zukunft der Gasnetze in Deutschland.

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#8_Modellierung von erneuerbaren Energiesystemen

2024-01-29 , Pieton, Natalia , Herbst, Andrea , Neumann, Fabian

Fabian Neumann ist Wissenschaftler am Fachgebiet Digitaler Wandel in Energiesystemen an der Technischen Universität Berlin. In dieser Folge sprechen wir mit ihm darüber, wie erneuerbare Energiesysteme methodisch modelliert werden, welche Rolle Wasserstoff dabei spielt, und ob Energie eher in Form von Strom oder Wasserstoff transportiert werden sollte.

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Gutachten zur Validierung eines Konzepts zur privatwirtschaftlichen Finanzierung des Aufbaus eines Wasserstoff-Kernnetzes bei subsidiärer staatlicher Absicherung

2024 , Pfluger, Benjamin , Oberle, Stella , Ragwitz, Mario , Wachsmuth, Jakob , Lux, Benjamin , Müller-Kirchenbauer, Joachim , Kalz, Maike , Evers, Maximilian , Hollnagel, Jeremias , Fritz, Wolfgang

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Was bewegt die regionalen Energieversorger? Eine Marktanalyse von Strom-, Gas- und Wärmenetzbetrieben

2024 , Friedmann, Annabel , Oberle, Stella , Wietschel, Martin

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der aktuellen Marktsituation von Strom-, Gas- und Wärmenetzbetrieben. Mittels einer Umfrage unter 1.024 Netzbetrieben in Deutschland sowie insgesamt 11 Expert*inneninterviews zeigt die Studie neben den Synergien und Konkurrenzsituationen auch Chancen sowie Herausforderungen sowie unterschiedliche Organisationsstrukturen auf.

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#10_Internationale Wasserstoffpartnerschaften und lokale Energiewenden

2024-05-15 , Pieton, Natalia , Müller, Viktor Paul , Vespermann, Doris

Doris ist Beraterin im Sektorvorhaben Energie bei der Deutschen Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, einem Beratungsvorhaben für das Energiereferat des Bundesministeriums für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ). Im Vordergrund stehen dabei die Themen Energiewende und Energiezugang, sowie die Erarbeitung von Konzepten und Wissensprodukten zur Förderung und Umsetzung der Energiewende in den Partnerländern der deutschen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit. Im Rahmen von HYPAT hat Doris sich mit den Wechselwirkungen zwischen internationalen Wasserstoffpartnerschaften und den lokalen Energiewenden der möglichen Wasserstofferzeugerländern des globalen Südens beschäftigt. Was ihre Arbeit und die dazugehörigen Ergebnisse so besonders macht, erfahrt ihr in Folge 10 unseres Podcasts. Die angesprochene Publikation "Wechselwirkungen zwischen nationalen Energiewenden und internationalen Wasserstoffkooperationen findet ihr hier: HYPAT Working Paper 06/2023. Wechselwirkungen zwischen nationalen Energiewenden und internationalen Wasserstoffkooperationen

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European Hydrogen Infrastructure Planning

2024 , Alibas, Sirin , Ausfelder, Florian , Ditz, Daniel , Ebner, Michael , Engwerth, Veronika , Fleiter, Tobias , Fragoso García, Joshua , Genge, Lucien , Greitzer, Maria , Haas, Sofia , Haendel, Michael , Hank, Christoph , Hauser, Philipp , Heneka, Maximilian , Heineken, Wolfram , Hildebrand, Jan , Isik, Volkan , Köppel, Wolfgang , Harper, Ryan , Jahn, Matthias , Klaassen, Bernhard , Kneiske, Tanja Manuela , Malzkuhn, Sabine , Kuzyaka, Berkan , Mielich, Tim , Lux, Benjamin , Maghnam, Ammar , Müsgens, Felix , Mendler, Friedrich , Pleier, Amanda , Müller-Kirchenbauer, Joachim , Isbert, Anne-Marie , Ruprecht, David , Sadat-Razavi, Pantea , Neuner, Felix , Pfluger, Benjamin , Mohr, Stephan , Ragwitz, Mario , Scheffler, Marcel , Solomon, Mithran Daniel , Voglstätter, Christopher , Weißenburger, Bastian , Ausfelder, Florian , Ragwitz, Mario , Förster, My Yen , Nolden, Christoph

The white paper was developed by a selected authorship of the TransHyDE Project System Analysis. The contents of the TransHyDE publications are produced in the project independently of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

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How do dynamic electricity tariffs and different grid charge designs interact? - Implications for residential consumers and grid reinforcement requirements

2024 , Stute, Judith , Klobasa, Marian

Dynamic electricity retail tariffs and different grid charge designs are discussed as key measures to support renewable energy integration. This article investigates the interplay between both, examining their impact on residential consumers regarding their economic savings and choice of retail tariff and on grid reinforcement requirements in low-voltage grids. We use a model-based approach for determining grid reinforcement requirements combined with an optimization model to assess residential consumer behavior towards different combinations of dynamic electricity retail tariffs and grid charge designs. We explore how these options influence the choice of households in Germany to invest in a home energy management system and to opt for a dynamic electricity retail tariff. Our findings show that with a grid charge design with capacity subscription, the share of households utilizing their flexibility and opting for a dynamic electricity retail tariff can be increased up to 74% (vs. 67% for a volumetric grid charge design). Furthermore, grid reinforcement costs can be reduced with a capacity subscription based grid charge design by 37% in rural low-voltage grids compared to the current grid charge design in Germany. This study offers novel perspectives on the interplay of dynamic electricity retail tariffs and grid charge designs, emphasizing the need for integrated policy approaches that allow residential consumers to benefit from reduced electricity costs while limiting grid reinforcement costs for distribution system operators.

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#9_Wasserstoff im Untergrund speichern?

2024-03-25 , Graf, Marieke Emilie Anna , Pieton, Natalia , Herbst, Andrea , Alms, Katharina

Dr. Katharina Alms und Marieke Graf sind Wissenschaftlerinnen am Fraunhofer IEG. In dieser Folge erklären sie, auf welche Weise Wasserstoff im großen Maßstab gespeichert werden kann und welche Herausforderungen dabei bewältigt werden müssen. Katharina wirft einen genaueren Blick "unter die Erde" und zeigt die verschiedenen Speichertypen auf. Marieke erläutert den Einfluss der Speicher auf andere Infrastrukturen, wie Pipelines und Elektrolyseure.

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The race between hydrogen and heat pumps for space and water heating: A model-based scenario analysis

2024 , Billerbeck, Anna , Kiefer, Christoph P. , Winkler, Jenny , Bernath, Christiane , Sensfuß, Frank , Kranzl, Lukas , Müller, Andreas , Ragwitz, Mario

This paper analyses different levels and means of the electrification of space and hot water heating using an explorative modelling approach. The analysis provides guidance to the ongoing discussion on favourable pathways for heating buildings and the role of secondary energy carriers such as hydrogen or synthetic fuels. In total, 12 different scenarios were modelled with decarbonisation pathways until 2050, which cover all 27 member states of the European Union. Two highly detailed optimisation models were combined to cover the building stock and the upstream energy supply sector. The analysis shows that decarbonisation pathways for space and water heating based on large shares of heat pumps have at least 11% lower system costs in 2050 than pathways with large shares of hydrogen or synthetic fuels. This translates into system cost savings of around €70 bn. Heat pumps are cost-efficient in decentralised systems and in centralised district heating systems. Hence, heat pumps should be the favoured option to achieve a cost-optimal solution for heating buildings. Accordingly, the paper makes a novel and significant contribution to understanding suitable and cost-efficient decarbonisation pathways for space and hot water heating via electrification. The results of the paper can provide robust guidance for policymakers.

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One service fits all? Insights on demand response dilemmas of differently equipped households in Germany

2024 , Pelka, Sabine , Preuß, Sabine , Stute, Judith , Chappin, Emile , Vries, Laurens de

Households equipped with flexible technologies, such as electric vehicles, can support the energy transition by shifting electricity consumption to times of high renewable supply and by preventing consumption peaks that cannot be covered by existing grid and generation infrastructure. Demand response services support households in performing these consumption shifts. Households ask for specifications of services that stand partly in contrast to each other. For instance, while electric vehicle owners tend to insist on retaining control over their charging, others prefer data-driven automation to minimize their active involvement. Recent studies exploring the acceptance of demand response services focused either solely on specific household groups (e.g. electric vehicle users) or on a broad representative sample without further differentiation. Complementarily to fill this gap, we examine differences in preferences for contrasting service designs between household groups. Specifically, we consider: (i) the type of flexible technology to which demand response is applied, and (ii) the adoption level, i.e., whether the households plan to, or currently own, a flexible technology. In a vignette survey, we examine the preferences towards four contrasting service designs with German households that either own or have expressed interest in acquiring a flexible technology (n = 962). Our results show that the preferences do not fundamentally differ between the kind of flexible technology and adoption level. Generally, participants prefer automated demand response services with data sharing. The added value of realizing energy cost savings effectively and efficiently stands out as the main driver for the diffusion of demand response services, outweighing data privacy concerns. Contrary to our expectations, electric vehicle owners did not show a special need for control and households not yet owning flexible technologies did not express a need for little effort. We discuss the implications of our findings for demand response service providers and outline pathways of future research in this domain.

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