Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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  • Publication
    A techno-economic analysis of fast charging needs in Germany for different ranges of battery electric vehicles
    ( 2017)
    Funke, Simon Á.
    ;
    Plötz, Patrick orcid-logo
    Political action supports the built-up of public charging infrastructure to increase market shares of battery electric vehicles (BEV). For a cost-effective deployment of public charging infrastructure, a detailed knowledge of charging infrastructure needs is necessary. However, the effect of increased vehicle ranges on charging infrastructure needs is not yet sufficiently understood. The aim of the present paper is to determine the number of fast charging points needed in Germany for different ranges of BEV. We use information on daily driving distances of real-world driving data from 6,339 German conventional passenger cars to deduce yearly charging demands for different ranges of BEV. Finally, we determine fast charging infrastructure needs in Germany by combining a coverage-oriented with a demand oriented approach and take differences in local charging demands into account. For Germany, we find that 500 fast charging points could meet charging demands of up to 500,000 BEV. In addition, we see charging demands decreasing with higher vehicle ranges as the resulting effect of a lower number of charging events on charging infrastructure needs outweighs the effect of increased charging times per charging event.
  • Publication
    Mileage electrification potential of different electric vehicles in Germany
    ( 2017)
    Plötz, Patrick orcid-logo
    ;
    Funke, Simon Á.
    Electric vehicles (EV), both as battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) have noteworthy potential to reduce global and local CO2 emissions. However, the fully exploitable potential depends on the actual vehicle kilometers travelled (VKT) that can be electrified. For BEV, the limited range excludes long-distance trips from electrification. For PHEV, long-distance trips are not excluded but the shorter electric driving range could reduce the miles electrified. The aim of the present paper is to compare the potential to electrify total VKT of BEV and PHEV. We use real-world driving data from several 780 German conventional passenger cars that are simulated as BEV and PHEV of different ranges. Furthermore, the CO2 emission reduction potential of both technologies and the influence of battery sizes are analyzed, by combining electrified kilometers with CO2 emission factors. We find PHEV to electrify more miles, both individual VKT as well as total VKT of the overall car fleet for given electric range. The difference in fleet electrification potential is maximal for about 30 km electric range. Compared to conventional vehicles both PHEV and BEV can significantly reduce well-to-wheel CO2 emissions when using renewable energies for recharging. The maximal reduction potential per vehicle is larger for PHEV and achieved at smaller range than for BEV.
  • Publication
    Are electric vehicles better suited for multi-car households?
    ( 2014)
    Jakobsson, Niklas
    ;
    Plötz, Patrick orcid-logo
    ;
    Gnann, Till orcid-logo
    ;
    Sprei, Frances
    ;
    Karlsson, Sten
    Electric vehicles could reduce CO2 emissions from the transport sector but their limited electric driving range diminishes their utility to users. Two-car households could be better suited for EV adoption since one vehicle could be used for longer trips. However, the number of days requiring adaptation and the differences between the cars in a multi-car household have not been systematically analysed yet. Here, we estimate the probability of daily driving above a fixed threshold for Swedish and German car driving data. We find the vehicles from multi-car-households to require less adaptation and be better suited for EV adoption which we confirm with an economic analysis.