Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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VADIS - A Variable Detection, Interlinking and Summarization System

2024 , Kartal, Yavuz Selim , Ahsan Shahid, Muhammad , Takeshita, Sotaro , Tsereteli, Tornike , Zielinski, Andrea , Zapilko, Benjamin , Mayr, Philipp

The VADIS system addresses the demand of providing enhanced information access in the domain of the social sciences. This is achieved by allowing users to search and use survey variables in context of their underlying research data and scholarly publications which have been interlinked with each other.

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Künstliche Intelligenz in der Arbeitswelt - Eine Analyse der Kompetenzbedarfe auf Unternehmensebene

2023 , Baumgartner, Marco , Horvat, Djerdj , Kinkel, Steffen

Mit der zunehmenden Verbreitung von Technologien der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) im Arbeitsumfeld verändert sich auch der Kompetenzbedarf auf verschiedenen Unternehmensebenen. Basierend auf zehn explorativen Gesprächen mit Expert*innen aus KI-Technologieunternehmen, KI-Anwendungsunternehmen und KI-Schulungsanbietern führt dieser Beitrag die relevantesten Kompetenzen für die Phase i) vor und ii) während und nach der KI-Einführung auf. Wir unterteilen dabei in a) KI-spezifische Kompetenzen, b) Führungs- und Moderationskompetenzen, c) Grundlegende Kompetenzen und d) Kompetenzen für die KI-Anwendung. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass neben technischen auch weichere Kompetenzen eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Die identifizierten Kompetenzen gilt es weiter zu untersuchen und durch Bildungs- und Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen gezielt zu adressieren.

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Perception of district heating in the context of price regulation

2023 , Billerbeck, Anna , Breitschopf, Barbara , Preuß, Sabine

This paper focuses on households’ perceptions of district heating and links them to country-specific price regulations. Due to the monopolistic nature of district heating, there is a potential for excessive use of market power by suppliers. An analysis of the relationship between regulations and perceptions of district heating could show how different regulations contribute to a reduction of perceived market power and positive perceptions. The results show that in countries with more liberalized price regulation, households seem to have a better perception of district heating and a more positive evaluation of its prices. The effects found are only small to medium and emphasize that price regulations positively affect households' perception among other factors. We further conclude that the interplay of institutional frameworks that ensure clarity and compliance with pricing rules, limitation of market power and transparency of markets are preconditions for a positive perception of district heating.

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Eine Multi-Level-Perspektive für Nischeninnovationen

2023 , Schirrmeister, Elna , Kirstgen, Anna , Rörden, Jan , Hermann, Sibylle

In einer VUCA-Welt (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, Ambiguous) wird es immer wichtiger, neue Möglichkeiten zu schaffen, wie sich Akteure aus Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik mit möglichen Veränderungen auseinandersetzen können. Im Rahmen eines Projektes für das Land Baden-Württemberg haben wir ein Dashboard entwickelt - einen sogenannten Zukunftsscanner - der die Akteure in der Region dabei unterstützt. Die Suchstrategie und die Interpretation der Signale wurde an die Multi-Layer-Perspektive (MLP) [GS07] angelehnt, zudem wurde eine Kombination aus automatisierten und qualitativen Verfahren für die Auswahl der Signale genutzt. Entsprechend des Grundgedankens der MLP, dass Veränderungen sowohl durch einzelne technologische Entwicklungen oder Praktiken (in sogenannten Nischen) als auch durch veränderte gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen (auf der sogenannten Landschaftsebene) entstehen können, wurde die Auswahl der Quellen sehr breit aufgestellt. Als Informationsquellen wurden Nachrichtenseiten genutzt, da diese für automatisierte Extraktion von Topics aus ganz unterschiedlichen Regionen und Bereichen geeignet sind und damit eine große Vielfalt an "Nischeninnovationen" identifiziert werden kann. Dem MLP-Grundgedanken folgend, dass sich Veränderungen besonders dynamisch entwickeln, wenn es zu einem sogenannten "Alignment" kommt, bei dem sich die Entwicklungen gegenseitig verstärken, wurde ein Diversitätsindikator entwickelt und für die Auswahl der Themen genutzt. Dieser Indikator berücksichtigt bei der Themenauswahl, in welchen globalen Regionen und in welchen technologischen, wissenschaftlichen oder wirtschaftlichen Bereichen ein Thema diskutiert wird. Für die spezifische Perspektive von Baden-Württemberg wurden über Interviews Hinweise gesammelt, bei welchen Themen besondere Potenziale, für die Innovationsakteure aus Baden-Württemberg gesehen werden. Die Entwicklung des Zukunftsscanners beschreibt den Versuch, über eine wissenschaftlich fundierte und methodisch avancierte Suche nach frühen Signalen des technologischen und gesellschaftlichen Wandels, die Innovationsakteure in Baden-Württemberg dabei zu unterstützen, sich mit Veränderungen aktiv auseinanderzusetzen.

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HyperPIE: Hyperparameter Information Extraction from Scientific Publications

2024 , Saier, Tarek , Ohta, Mayumi , Asakura, Takuto , Färber, Michael

Automatic extraction of information from publications is key to making scientific knowledge machine-readable at a large scale. The extracted information can, for example, facilitate academic search, decision making, and knowledge graph construction. An important type of information not covered by existing approaches is hyperparameters. In this paper, we formalize and tackle hyperparameter information extraction (HyperPIE) as an entity recognition and relation extraction task. We create a labeled data set covering publications from a variety of computer science disciplines. Using this data set, we train and evaluate BERT-based fine-tuned models as well as five large language models: GPT-3.5, GALACTICA, Falcon, Vicuna, and WizardLM. For fine-tuned models, we develop a relation extraction approach that achieves an improvement of 29% F1 over a state-of-the-art baseline. For large language models, we develop an approach leveraging YAML output for structured data extraction, which achieves an average improvement of 5.5% F1. in entity recognition over using JSON. With our best performing model we extract hyperparameter information from a large number of unannotated papers, and analyze patterns across disciplines.

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Utilizing Flexibility Potentials in Local Energy Systems

2023 , Bender, Tom , Flemming, Sebastian , Surmann, Arne , Pelka, Sabine , Martin, Arne , Klaiber, Stefan , Kühnbach, Matthias

In this paper, potentials and possible effects of utilizing flexibility in local energy systems are examined on the basis of a real residential district in Bochum, Germany. The district provides heat pumps, heat storages, battery storages (in combination with a photovoltaic system) and charging points for electric vehicles as possible flexibility options. Based on the installed plant technology and the cross-sectoral energy requirements of the district, various scenarios were developed that differ in terms of possible operation management approaches and flexibility use. These scenarios include a non-managed district operation, a rule-based district operation, and a cross-sectoral optimization of the district energy system with the goal of maximizing the self-consumption of renewable energy. For more detailed considerations, additional sub-scenarios were defined which, for example, represent the possibility of a grid-compatible operation. To compare the different scenarios, the district energy system was implemented in a model and simulated for the representative period of one calendar year. The simulations were evaluated by using several key performance indicators (KPIs), such as CO2 reduction, renewable energy self-consumption ratio, or renewable energy self-supply ratio.

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Zäsur und strategische Vorausschau: Wie stellen wir Deutschland zukunftsfähig auf?

2023 , Weissenberger-Eibl, Marion

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In-Memory SAT-Solver for Self-Verification of Programmable Memristive Architectures

2024 , Shirinzadeh, Fatemeh , Deb, Arighna , Shirinzadeh, Saeideh , Kole, Abhoy , Datta, Kamalika , Drechsler, Rolf

Formal verification of programmable memristive architectures utilizing emerging nonvolatile memory technologies such as Resistive Random-Access Memory (RRAM) has only been recently addressed by a few works at the software level. In this paper we propose an in-memory SAT solver utilizing inherent analog features of RRAM that enables formal verification of arbitrary designs within resistive crossbars. More importantly, this allows self-verification of in-memory implementations as the correctness of designs can be dynamically checked. Additionally, the required architecture is presented, along with a complexity analysis for latency and hardware overheads

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Interaction of Flexible Demands with Battery Storage Systems in Distribution Grids

2023 , Haendel, Michael

The energy transition causes fundamental changes in distribution networks. In addition to increased decentralized generation, ongoing electrification introduces new demands at the local level. The integration of these loads is a major challenge for the distribution network. For stable operation, it is unclear whether existing flexibilities are sufficient or whether grid expansion is necessary. Flexible demands alone do not seem to be sufficient to prevent critical grid situations caused by photovoltaic (PV) feed-in. Therefore, this paper investigates whether the addition of battery storage systems (BSSs) can lead to an improvement. For this purpose, BSSs are integrated into a coupled control system for flexible consumers, which considers both market-side and grid-side incentives simultaneously using a receding horizon approach. A case study investigates the impact of decentralized and centralized BSSs compared to a system without BSSs. The results show that decentralized distribution of BSSs is not necessarily required to better integrate PV feed-in. However, the integration in general requires large BSS capacities, whose economic operation is questionable compared to the regulation of PV systems directly.

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AI Readiness: An Integrated Socio-technical Framework

2023 , Horvat, Djerdj , Heimberger, Heidi

Despite its high potential for increasing efficiency, productivity and automation, the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in production is still at a very early stage and lacks practical experience, particularly in the small and medium sized enterprise segment. One of the main reasons for that is the lack of knowledge on how ready the companies are for adopting and using AI effectively. While approaches to assessing readiness and even maturity in terms of digitalization or Industry 4.0 are well established and discussed in the literature and used actively in companies’ practice, approaches that address AI are still in their infancy. Addressing this gap, this paper presents a qualitative approach to an in-depth analysis and monitoring of the readiness of manufacturing firms for working with AI. Drawing on the literature on technology adoption on the one hand, and the implementation of AI on the other, we develop an integrative framework covering different socio-technical dimensions. For their operationalization, we use a large range of technical, organizational and environmental categories. In order to illustrate the implementation of our approach in practical terms, we present the results of assessing the AI readiness of a German manufacturing company.

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