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Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI
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PublicationBlockchain and data protection: An evaluation of the challenges and solutions mentioned by German stakeholders( 2021)This paper analyzes data protection challenges and possible solutions associated with the usage of the blockchain (BC) technology from the perspective of 94 German companies and organizations. This paper clusters 537 data protection-relevant statements into three subject areas: (1) relevance of data protection in BC, (2) articulated challenges and (3) proposed solutions. Each group is then collated with insights from computer science. The results show that a majority of the respondents do see data protection issues with using BC, which mainly relate to data erasure and identifying the data controller. However, the majority also consider these problems to be solvable utilizing already available technologies, e.g. off-chain storage, encryption, pseudonymization or usage of private BCs. Comparing these proposals with the findings in computer science literature shows that especially off-chain storage, encryption and redactable blockchains can be regarded as adequate solutions.
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PublicationHow to integrate real-world user behavior into models for the market diffusion of alternative fuels in passenger cars - an in-depth comparison of three models for Germany( 2021)
;Märtz, Alexandra ;Fichtner, Wolf ;Ruppert, ManuelSeddig, Katrin -
PublicationEmergence of digital and X-as-a-service (XAAS) platforms in German energy sectors( 2021)
;Singh, MahendraBusiness models in the energy sector in Germany experiencing a profound transformation due to the evolution of digital services. Over the recent years, various digital technologies have been adopted and are supporting this transformation. Typically a gap between technological advancement and business value capture can be observed that is often filled by startups offering innovative business models, products and services based on new technologies. State-of-the-art digital technologies facilitate companies to collect and process huge amounts of consumer data which allow them to sense consumer trends and future value proposition opportunities. In practice, such startups are aiming at the final consumers by focusing on the consumer-specific part of the energy value chain. By this, they are disintegrating the conventional energy value chain with its linear business models that dominated in the past (Business-to-Business (B2B) or Business-to-Consumer (B2C) models). In this work, we had analysed the business activities of 240 active German energy startups founded in 2014 to 2020 (April). The data is collected from multiple sources including company databases, web-scraping and professional data collection services. The underlying focus of this analysis is centered on the digital platform and X-as-a-Service (XaaS) business models. The finding reveals that most of the innovative energy startups are early adopters of digital technologies such as Artificial intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Digital-twin (DT), etc. Along with, to respond to the scalability challenges a significant number of startups have adopted or in the transition to adopting a platform-driven economy. These startups are privileged by the increasing Network Externalities (NE) among the consumers, which improves the startup's value proposition and profitability by targeting a large number of consumers. The finding also covers the geographical distribution of startups implementing multi-sided platform business models in Germany. -
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PublicationOverhead catenary vehicles in south-west Germany? A regional catenary vehicle network and its implications for electricity demand( 2020)
;Fritz, JohnThe introduction of heavy-duty overhead catenary vehicles in the state of Baden-Württemberg in south-west Germany could have a noteworthy impact on the energy system. We elaborate when, where and how much additional energy is required, based on four levels of market diffusion. Roads to be electrified are selected based on the traffic volume. Hourly resolved traffic flows allow electric load analysis. In an ambitious market diffusion scenario, there is an 8% increase of the electricity demand. In two counties, Pforzheim and Baden-Baden, the total electricity demand increases by more than 30%. The average load increases by 650 MW but the highest hourly peak annually is even 3.5 times higher. -
PublicationWhat drives the usage of shared transport services?( 2020)
;Göddeke, DanielShared mobility is widely discussed, yet only few travelers actually make use of shared services. Apart from personal characteristics, the supply and more specific the supply density of shared vehicles is assumed to be crucial for a widespread shared mobility usage. In this paper, we test this hypothesis. Moreover we provide insights into the impact of current mobility behavior on the usage intention for shared transport services. For this purpose, we combine existing transport usage data with the real supply of shared vehicles in selected cities in Germany. We investigate free-floating and station-based car- and bikesharing, free-floating e-scootersharing, as well as ridesharing. To do so, we collected data on the vehicles supplied per service for beginning of 2020. In a first step, we analyze group differences in terms of intended usage between people living in cities where the services are offered and those who live in cities without access to such services. This information is used in a second step when we analyze to what extent the supply density is driving usage intention for a specific trip purpose obtained from the first analysis step. Therefore, we apply logistic regression analyses that focus on socio-demographics, the users' possession of mobility tools (e.g. driver's license, car access, transit pass), their current transport behavior and the availability of services respectively